Summary of biomarkers and derived variables obtained via high-throughput NMR
| Metabolic group | Species and derived measures |
| Amino acids | Alanine, glutamine, glycine, histidine |
| Branched chain: isoleucine, leucine, valine | |
| Aromatic: phenylalanine, tyrosine | |
| Cholesterol | VLDL, LDL, HDL, HDL2, HDL3, total, free, esterified, remnant |
| Triglycerides and phospholipids | Triglycerides (VLDL, LDL, HDL, total) |
| Phosphoglycerides | |
| Ratio of triglycerides to phosphoglycerides* | |
| Phosphatidylcholine | |
| Sphingomyelins | |
| Total cholines | |
| Apolipoproteins | ApoA-1 |
| Apo B | |
| Ratio of ApoB/Apo A-1* | |
| Fatty acids (FA) | Total, omega-3, omega-6, PUFA, SFA |
| MUFA, DHA, LA | |
| Estimated degree of unsaturation | |
| Fatty acid ratios | Omega-3/total FA*, omega-6/total FA*, PUFA/total FA* (all %) |
| SFA/total FA*, MUFA/total FA*, DHA/total FA*, LA/total FA* (all %) | |
| Lipoprotein subclasses* | 12 lipid measures in each of 14 subclasses VLDL (XXL, XL, L, M, S, XS), IDL, LDL (L,M,S), HDL (XL, L, M,S): particle concentration, total lipids, esterified cholesterol, total cholesterol, phospholipids, free cholesterol, triglycerides and esterified cholesterol/total lipids (%), free cholesterol/total lipids (%), total cholesterol/total lipids (%), triglycerides/total lipids (%) and phospholipids/total lipids (%) |
| Lipoprotein size* | Mean diameter of VLDL, LDL and HDL particles |
| Ketone bodies | Acetate, acetoacetate, 3-hydroxybutyrate |
| Glycolysis related | Glucose, lactate, pyruvate, citrate, glycerol |
| Fluid balance | Creatinine, albumin |
| Inflammation | Glycoprotein acetyls (GlycA) |
Information obtained from https://nightingalehealth.com/science/biomarkers.
*Ratio.
ApoA-1, apolipoprotein A-1; Apo B, apolipoprotein B; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; GlycA, glycoprotein acetyls; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; IDL, intermediate density lipoprotein; L, large; LA, linoleic acid; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; M, medium; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acid; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acid; S, small; SFA, saturated fatty acids; VLDL, very low-density lipoprotein; XL, very large; XXL, chylomicrons and extremely large; XS, very small.