Adjusted linear regression	n	RC	P value	n	RC	P value	n	RC	P value
CRAE, µm	998	0.18	<0.001	867	0.18	<0.001	131	0.21	0.004
CRVE, µm	998	0.20	<0.001	867	0.20	<0.001	131	0.22	0.003
AVR	998	0.16	<0.001	867	0.16	<0.001	131	0.15	0.06

Non-biological caregivers (n=10) and diabetic participants (n=29) were excluded from these analyses. Covariates in adjusted linear regression models include parent and child ages, Body mass index and Disadvantage Index, mean arterial blood pressure and parent and child sex in models including both sexes.
AVR, arteriolar–venular ratio ; CC, estimated Pearson’s correlation coefficient; n, number of biological child-parent pairs with this measure; RC, estimated regression coefficient.