Table 4

The relationship between the rate of urbanisation and the odds of reporting fair or poor health moderated by education

VariablesModel 7 (IV: land-use conversion)Model 8 (IV: logarithm GDP per capita)Model 9 (IV: logarithm population density)Model 10 (IV: health institutional beds per 1000 population)
OR (95% CI)OR (95% CI)OR (95% CI)OR (95% CI)
The level of urbanisation in 20051.00 (0.98 to 1.02)1.00 (0.93 to 1.07)0.88 (0.83 to 0.93) ***1.07 (1.04 to 1.11) ***
The rate of urbanisation from 2000 to 20050.92 (0.86 to 0.98) **1.00 (0.90 to 1.12)0.73 (0.56 to 0.94) *0.79 (0.57 to 1.09)
Education (ref: no schooling)
 Elementary school or junior high school0.68 (0.67 to 0.70) ***0.68 (0.67 to 0.70) ***0.68 (0.67 to 0.70) ***0.68 (0.67 to 0.70) ***
 Senior high school0.60 (0.57 to 0.63) ***0.60 (0.57 to 0.63) ***0.60 (0.57 to 0.63) ***0.60 (0.57 to 0.63) ***
 College or above0.55 (0.52 to 0.58) ***0.55 (0.52 to 0.58) ***0.55 (0.52 to 0.58) ***0.55 (0.52 to 0.58) ***
The speed of urbanisation * education (ref: speed * no schooling)
 Rate * elementary school or junior high school1.01 (0.99 to 1.04)0.95 (0.91 to 1.00) *0.99 (0.81 to 1.22)0.98 (0.85 to 1.13)
 Rate * senior high school1.04 (0.99 to 1.10)0.94 (0.84 to 1.05)1.48 (0.97 to 2.24)1.03 (0.72 to 1.46)
 Rate * college or above1.06 (1.00 to 1.13)0.96 (0.84 to 1.10)0.89 (0.52 to 1.51)1.88 (1.21 to 2.94) **

  • All models have been adjusted for individual covariates shown in table 2.

  • *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001.

  • GDP, gross domestic product.