Study characteristics of external validation studies: analysis and model output
| Study | Outcome(s) or endpoint(s) | Time frame of predictions | Model type | Statistical methods | Included predictors | Missing data handling | Number of groups | Discrimination results | Calibration results | Model availability |
| Gnanapragasam et al 201831 | PCSM | 10 year mortalities | Five groups | N/A | PSA, grade group, T-stage integers | Complete case analysis | Five groups | c-index 0.81 for PCSM in Sweden, 0.79 in Singapore | NR | Yes - papers and online |
| Feuer et al 201430 | DSS and OS | 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 years | Nomogram - online | As per development study30 | Grade (three categories), stage, marital status, age, race, year of diagnosis and comorbidity score | Complete cases + weighted averages for marital status | ’Individualised' | AUCs (5 year:) 0.81 PCSM, 0.81 OCM, (10 year:) 0.77 PCSM 0.76 OCM | Curves | No |
| Cooperberg et al 200932 | PCSM and ACM | Five and 10 year survival | Score | Cox prop hazards | CAPRA (& primary treatment, age and comorbidity in multivariable analysis) | Mixed | 10 groups | PCSM 0.80 OCM 0.71 | NR | Yes - papers and online |
ACM, all cause mortality; AUC, area under the curve; CAPRA, Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment; DSS, disease specific survival; N/A, not available; NR, not recorded; OCM, other cause mortality; OS, overall survival; PCSM, prostate cancer specific mortality; PSA, prostate-specific antigen.