Table 2

Hierarchical multinomial logistic regression

Variable*Model 1†Model 2†Model 3†
Moderate‡ (n=960)High‡ (n=413)Moderate‡(n=960)High‡ (n=413)Moderate‡ (n=960)High‡ (n=413)
Age category (years)
 <2511111
 25–291.56 (1.00 to 2.45)1.69 (0.96 to 2.98)1.55 (0.98 to 2.44)1.71 (0.97 to 3.01)1.53 (0.96 to 2.44)1.69 (0.94 to 3.06)
 30–341.55 (0.96 to 2.50)2.31 (1.28 to 4.16)1.55 (0.96 to 2.51)2.33 (1.30 to 4.19)1.49 (0.91 to 2.45)2.27 (1.23 to 4.22)
 ≥351.48 (0.85 to 2.56)1.96 (1.01 to 3.81)1.48 (0.85 to 2.57)2.00 (1.02 to 3.91)1.42 (0.80 to 2.51)1.98 (0.97 to 4.01)
Ethnicity
 Caucasian111111
 Non-Caucasian0.89 (0.43 to 1.86)0.24 (0.06 to 0.86)0.89 (0.43 to 1.86)0.23 (0.063 to 0.85)0.96 (0.46 to 2.11)0.23 (0.06 to 0.86)
Marital status
 Single111111
 Married/partner1.35 (0.87 to 2.11)1.31 (0.76 to 2.25)1.37 (0.88 to 2.14)1.32 (0.76 to 2.27)1.25 (0.79 to 1.98)1.06 (0.59 to 1.88)
Education
 Schooling ≤12 years111111
 Schooling >12 years1.73 (1.20 to 2.50)1.49 (0.96 to 2.30)1.65 (1.14 to 2.39)1.48 (0.95 to 2.30)1.55 (1.06 to 2.26)1.35 (0.85 to 2.14)
Employment status
 Not working111111
 Working1.44 (0.95 to 2.18)0.78 (0.49 to 1.26)1.48 (0.98 to 2.26)0.78 (0.48 to 1.25)1.40 (0.92 to 2.14)0.66 (0.40 to 1.08)
Accommodation
 Other111111
 Own house1.02 (0.75 to 1.40)1.06 (0.73 to 1.53)1.02 (0.75 to 1.40)1.05 (0.73 to 1.53)0.99 (0.71 to 1.37)1.01 (0.68 to 1.48)
Socioeconomic
 <24111111
 ≥241.40 (1.01 to 1.93)1.38 (0.93 to 2.03)1.44 (1.04 to 2.01)1.36 (0.92 to 2.01)1.46 (1.05 to 2.05)1.47 (0.98 to 2.21)
Maternity service¶
 Private111111
 Public0.82 (0.60 to 1.12)0.90 (0.63 to 1.30)0.80 (0.58 to 1.10)0.91 (0.63 to 1.30)0.80 (0.58 to 1.10)0.93 (0.64 to 1.36)
BMI category**
 Underweight/Normal1111
 Overweight1.09 (0.83 to 1.44)0.97 (0.71 to 1.35)1.23 (0.85 to 1.50)1.04 (0.74 to 1.45)
 Obese1.45 (0.98 to 2.15)0.91 (0.56 to 1.46)1.49 (1.00 to 2.22)0.96 (0.59 to 1.57)
Gravidity¶
 1 Pregnancy1111
 >1 Pregnancy0.79 (0.57 to 1.10)0.88 (0.56 to 1.46)0.87 (0.62 to 1.22)1.06 (0.71 to 1.58)
Smoking
 Smokers11
 Non-smokers1.34 (1.00 to 1.80)1.45 (1.02 to 2.07)
Alcohol
 Drinkers11
 Non-drinkers0.62 (0.45 to 0.84)0.75 (0.52 to 1.08)
Folic acid¶
 No11
 Yes1.06 (0.78 to 1.46)1.17 (0.80 to 1.70)
Five a day¶
 No11
 Yes1.41 (0.94 to 2.11)1.90 (1.22 to 2.96)
Fish¶
 No-–11
 Yes1.35 (1.03 to 1.79)1.47 (1.07 to 2.03)
Anxiety Index1.01 (1.00 to 1.01)1.00 (1.01 to 1.01)
Stress1.02 (1.01 to 1.05)1.01 (0.96 to 1.04)
Depression Scale1.01 (1.00 to 1.04)1.00 (1.01 to 1.06)
Limiting1.03 (1.00 to 1.01)0.85 (0.81 to 0.88)
All or nothing-–1.02 (1.01 to 1.05)1.04 (1.01 to 1.08)
  • Includes only variables collected at 15±1 weeks’ gestation (mode of delivery excluded).

  • *Reference category for predictors were used to take a more positive approach by focusing on factors that improve chances of moderate or high physical activity.

  • †RRR (95%, CI) P.

  • ‡Reference category: low physical activity level.

  • ¶Missing values.

  • §1 denotes reference category.

  • **Body mass index (BMI) category was defined based on the WHO guidelines as underweight (<18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (18.5–24.9 kg/m2), overweight (≥25–29.9 kg/m2) and obese (≥30 kg/m2)—underweight and normal were collapsed together for this analysis.