Implementation of the antimicrobial stewardship regulations
| Questions asked | Total n=807 | Medical organisation level | City level | Title | Major | |||||
| Tertiary n=644 | Secondary n=112 | Pm/Pv n=51 | 1/new1/2* n=651 | Others n=156 | IT/RS n=443 | ACP/ CP n=364 | WM n=386 | TCM/IM n=421 | ||
| Medical organisation antimicrobial stewardship implementation % | ||||||||||
| Very stringent | 45.7 | 50.6 | 33.0 | 11.8 | 47.9 | 36.5 | 44.2 | 47.5 | 50.0 | 41.8 |
| Stringent | 45.1 | 44.1 | 50.0 | 47.1 | 44.2 | 48.7 | 45.1 | 45.1 | 44.0 | 46.1 |
| Less stringent | 7.8 | 4.5 | 16.1 | 31.4 | 6.5 | 13.5 | 9.0 | 6.3 | 5.4 | 10.0 |
| No | 1.4 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 9.8 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1.1 | 0.5 | 2.1 |
| Compulsory antimicrobial stewardship training in 2012 (first year of stewardship implementation) % | ||||||||||
| Intensive | 9.7 | 10.9 | 6.3 | 3.9 | 11.4 | 2.7 | 8.3 | 11.4 | 11.1 | 8.4 |
| Frequent | 49.4 | 52.4 | 41.4 | 31.4 | 50.6 | 44.5 | 47.6 | 51.4 | 50.0 | 48.8 |
| Less frequent | 36.6 | 33.2 | 49.5 | 49.0 | 33.9 | 47.9 | 38.8 | 34.2 | 35.1 | 38.1 |
| No | 4.2 | 3.5 | 2.7 | 15.7 | 4.1 | 4.8 | 5.3 | 3.1 | 3.8 | 4.6 |
| Not applicable | n=48 | |||||||||
| Compulsory antimicrobial stewardship training in 2016 % | ||||||||||
| Intensive | 12.6 | 14.0 | 8.0 | 5.9 | 14.1 | 6.4 | 12.4 | 12.9 | 13.5 | 11.9 |
| Frequently | 55.9 | 58.1 | 50.0 | 41.2 | 55.9 | 55.8 | 53.0 | 59.3 | 56.0 | 55.8 |
| Less frequency | 28.6 | 26.4 | 38.4 | 35.3 | 27.0 | 35.3 | 30.5 | 26.4 | 28.0 | 29.2 |
| No | 2.9 | 1.6 | 3.6 | 17.6 | 2.9 | 2.6 | 4.1 | 1.4 | 2.6 | 3.1 |
| % of all prescriptions which are permitted to contain antimicrobials (according to the hospital’s internal policy) % | ||||||||||
| ≤20 | 59.8 | 60.1 | 44.4 | 86.0 | 65.6 | 39.7 | 62.0 | 57.5 | 47.7 | 72.0 |
| 21–40 | 32.9 | 33.3 | 43.2 | 9.3 | 29.8 | 43.7 | 31.5 | 34.4 | 43.8 | 22.0 |
| 41–60 | 6.5 | 5.9 | 12.3 | 2.3 | 4.1 | 15.1 | 5.5 | 7.7 | 7.8 | 5.3 |
| >60 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.0 | 2.3 | 0.5 | 1.6 | 1.0 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 0.7 |
| Not reported | n=242 | |||||||||
| % of all prescriptions which are permitted to contain antimicrobials (according to the department’s internal policy) % | ||||||||||
| ≤20 | 64.1 | 64.1 | 51.9 | 86.0 | 69.5 | 45.2 | 65.4 | 62.6 | 53.7 | 74.5 |
| 21–40 | 26.5 | 26.6 | 34.2 | 11.6 | 23.5 | 37.3 | 24.3 | 28.9 | 34.3 | 18.8 |
| 41–60 | 8.0 | 7.4 | 13.9 | 2.3 | 6.2 | 14.3 | 8.2 | 7.7 | 9.5 | 6.4 |
| >60 | 1.4 | 1.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 3.2 | 2.1 | 0.7 | 2.5 | 0.4 |
| Not reported | n=242 | |||||||||
*1/new1/2: first/new first/second-tier (first-tier city, such as Beijing, Shanghai; new first-tier city, such as Chengdu, Hangzhou; second-tier city, such as Shenyang, Xi’an).
ACP/CP, associate chief-physician/chief-physician; IT/RS, intern/resident; Pm/Pv, primary/private clinic; TCM/IM, traditional Chinese medicine/integrative medicine of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine; WM, western medicine.