Table 1

At entry table PREVEND stratified for parity

No children
(n=464)*
One child
(n=277)*
Two children
(n=1021)*
More than two children (n=697)*P value**
General characteristics
 Age (years)52.2 (10.1)52.2 (9.0)52.3 (8.4)56.9 (9.6) <0.001
 Follow-up time (years)11 (11–12)11 (11–12)11 (11–12)11 (11–12)0.71
 Caucasian (n [%])445 (96.9%)264 (96.4%)995 (98.0%)663 (95.7%) 0.04
 Job (n [%])315 (68.3%)127 (47.4%)467 (46.5%)264 (38.6%) <0.001
Cardiovascular risk profile
 BMI (kg/m²)24.6 (22.5–27.7)25.3 (22.5–28.6)25.8 (23.4–28.8)26.9 (24.0–30.2) <0.001
 SBP (mm Hg)120 (109–138)121 (110–140)122 (111–138)130 (115–146) <0.001
 DBP (mm Hg)71 (65–78)71 (67–77)71 (66–78)73 (67–79) 0.004
 Current smoker (n [%])139 (30.0%)105 (37.9%)326 (31.9%)195 (28.0%) 0.02
 Alcohol use (n [%])203 (44.0%)137 (49.6%)503 (49.4%)378 (54.5%) 0.007
 Cardiovascular comorbidity (n [%])11 (2.4%)11 (4.1%)24 (2.4%)24 (3.6%)0.30
 Renal disease requiring dialysis (n ([%])1 (0.2%)0 (0%)3 (0.3%)1 (0.1%)0.78
Laboratory results
 Glucose (mmol/L)4.6 (4.3–5.0)4.7 (4.3–5.1)4.7 (4.3–5.0)4.8 (4.4–5.2) 0.002
 Insulin (mmol/L)7.0 (4.9–10.7)7.6 (5.1–11.5)7.8 (5.6–11.2)8.5 (6.0–13.4) <0.001
 HOMAir1.4 (1.0–2.4)1.6 (1.0–2.5)1.6 (1.1–2.4)1.8 (1.2–3.0) <0.001
 Total cholesterol (mmol/L)5.7 (5.0–6.4)5.7 (5.1–6.5)5.8 (5.0–6.7)6.0 (5.3–6.7) <0.001
 HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)1.5 (1.2–1.8)1.5 (1.2–1.8)1.4 (1.2–1.7)1.4 (1.2–1.7) <0.001
 Triglycerides (mmol/L)1.0 (0.8–1.5)1.1 (0.9–1.7)1.1 (0.9–1.6)1.2 (0.9–1.6) <0.001
Medication use
 Total blood pressure lowering (n [%])65 (16.4%)39 (16.5%)140 (15.6%)151 (24.4%) <0.001
 ACEi/ARB (n [%])19 (4.7%)8 (3.3%)41 (4.5%)44 (7.0%)0.07
 Glucose lowering (n [%])7 (1.7%)2 (0.8%)12 (1.3%)12 (1.9%)0.63
 Lipid lowering (n [%])19 (4.7%)15 (6.3%)32 (3.5%)37 (5.9%)0.11
 Oral contraceptive use ([n %])79 (18.2%)50 (19.5%)198 (21.1%)90 (14.6%) 0.01
  • Data are presented as median (25th–75th percentile) unless otherwise stated. 

  • *Total number that participated at visit 1 of the study, not all variables were available for each participant at baseline.

  • **Significant at p <0.05

  • ACEi/ARB, ACE inhibitor and/or angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HOMAir, homeostatic model assessment index; PREVEND, Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-stage Disease; SBP, systolic blood pressure.