Sociodemographic and other health-related characteristics of study participants included in the analysis, EDHS 2016 (n=14 923)
| Variables | Weighted frequency | Weighted per cent |
| Age (years) | ||
| 15–19 | 3165 | 21.2 |
| 20–29 | 5467 | 36.6 |
| 30–39 | 4078 | 27.3 |
| 40–49 | 2213 | 14.8 |
| Place of residence | ||
| Urban | 3169 | 21.2 |
| Rural | 11 754 | 78.8 |
| Educational status | ||
| No education | 7215 | 48.3 |
| Primary | 5244 | 35.1 |
| Secondary | 1676 | 11.2 |
| Higher | 789 | 5.3 |
| Marital status | ||
| Single | 3758 | 25.2 |
| Married | 9800 | 65.7 |
| Divorced/widowed/separated | 1365 | 9.1 |
| Religion | ||
| Orthodox | 6447 | 43.2 |
| Protestant | 3514 | 23.5 |
| Muslim | 4645 | 31.1 |
| Other | 317 | 2.1 |
| Region | ||
| Tigray | 1073 | 7.2 |
| Afar | 119 | 0.8 |
| Amhara | 3645 | 24.4 |
| Oromia | 5422 | 36.3 |
| Somali | 417 | 2.8 |
| Benishangul-Gumuz | 146 | 1.0 |
| SNNPR | 3124 | 20.9 |
| Gambella | 42 | 0.3 |
| Harari | 32 | 0.2 |
| Addis Ababa | 825 | 5.5 |
| Dire Dawa | 77 | 0.5 |
| Wealth index | ||
| Poorest | 2519 | 16.9 |
| Poorer | 2717 | 18.2 |
| Middle | 2891 | 19.4 |
| Richer | 2979 | 20.0 |
| Richest | 3816 | 25.6 |
| BMI | ||
| <18.5 | 3060 | 22.1 |
| 18.5–24.9 | 9740 | 70.5 |
| ≥25 | 1018 | 7.4 |
| Birth interval | ||
| <24 months | 1415 | 18.3 |
| >=24 months | 6305 | 81.7 |
| Current use of contraceptives | ||
| Yes | 1088 | 7.3 |
| No | 13 835 | 92.7 |
| Iron folate intake during pregnancy (n = 7328) | ||
| Yes | 3108 | 42.4 |
| No/don’t know | 4220 | 57.6 |
| Gravidity of women (children ever born) | ||
| 0 | 4745 | 31.8 |
| 1–3 | 4715 | 31.6 |
| 4+ | 5464 | 36.6 |
| Children ever born in the preceding 5 years | ||
| 0 | 7595 | 50.9 |
| 1 | 4475 | 30.0 |
| 2+ | 2852 | 19.1 |
| Currently breast feeding | ||
| Yes | 4657 | 31.2 |
| No | 10 266 | 68.8 |
| Currently pregnant | ||
| Yes | 1088 | 7.3 |
| No | 13 835 | 92.7 |
| Smoking | ||
| Yes | 96 | 0.6 |
| No | 14 827 | 99.4 |
| Birth in the last year | ||
| 0 | 12 474 | 83.6 |
| 1–2 | 2449 | 16.4 |
| HIV test | ||
| Positive | 187 | 1.3 |
| Negative | 14 724 | 98.7 |
| Water source | ||
| Piped water | 2646 | 17.7 |
| Other improved | 6926 | 46.4 |
| Unimproved | 5351 | 35.9 |
| Latrine facility type | ||
| Improved toilet | 2231 | 14.9 |
| Unimproved toilet | 7877 | 52.8 |
| Open defecation | 4414 | 29.6 |
| Other | 401 | 2.7 |
| Anaemia status | ||
| Anaemic | 3527 | 23.6 |
| Non-anaemic | 11 396 | 76.4 |
| Proportion of women in the community who have clean water source, m(SE) | 64.1 (33.6) | |
| Proportion of women in the community who have unimproved latrine facility; m(SE) | 85.1 (25.0) | |
| Proportion of women in the community who are in lowest quantile of wealth index, m (SE) | 35.1 (30.0) | |
| Percentage of unimproved water per cluster, m (SE) | 35.9 (33.6) |
BMI, body mass index; EDHS, Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey; m, mean; SNNPR, Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples’ Region.