Determinants of PCC implementation related to the individual level (characteristics of individuals)
| Characteristics of individuals | Quotes |
| Coping strategies | ‘But still, sometimes it is just a fact that such a topic really touches you. I would say for myself, yes, that makes it easier for me, when I do sometimes have short pathways somehow. And I think there is a difference whether you call somewhere and say, listen, I just had an extreme case. Or whether you meet and talk in the kitchen’. ‘It might be something very personal, just here, where someone reminds me of things that I have a problem with myself. Or I’m in trouble and I’m struggling. […] Then I can’t be helpful, because I am always affected by it then, right? For example. Or that the patient thinks himself “no, I can’t do that with him either”. Like this. Or do I not want to or am I afraid of whatever […]. And then it doesn’t fit and then you can also end the therapy… Should you end it. Then. Or say, you’d better find someone else. Absolutely’ . ‘You can have the highest salary, but if you cannot apply what you have learned, you will become worn out after some time; then you will not want to do it any longer either’. |
| Physical and emotional well-being | ‘[…] well, residents can only do as well as the staff members are doing. That is very, very important to me when managing a facility; the residents are important, but so are the staff members. When the staff members are not doing well because I am an unfair boss, I have created really bad working conditions, then it is impossible for the residents to do well’. ‘And also try to suppress any emotional fluctuations on my part, right? So not to carry them outside, because that must be. he [the patient] is supposed to be comfortable here. And then somehow not somehow affected by our sensitivities’. ‘And that also means that when I care, I say, in the sense of person-centeredness, I must also recognize where my limits are. So where I can no longer deal with certain person-centeredness. But I have to be able to say that. This includes a value framework’. |
| Skills and capabilities | |
| Psychological traits | ‘If you work with people, you need empathy’. ‘But a staff member can also say, wow, Ms. X, I really have a problem with her, or I do not like her. I think that is human, and in the team, you have to then see to it that you organize it differently. And not put two people together who dislike each other’. |
| Professional qualifications and development | ‘And if a temporary employment agency tells me, this one has lots of experience, and then I have someone standing here and he does not even know at all how to bathe someone or how to dress someone’. ‘Since we […] particularly have employees with lots of experience, not just continued education’. ‘[…] we benefit a lot from the fact that we all have the additional training as a palliative specialist so’. ‘The patient also sees a pick-up and drop-off service. […] That’s someone who says, “yes, I have to move a bed”. That’s why the bed gets stuck here and sometimes bangs there. Patient may have a thigh fracture, the patient bangs against the elevator wall, the patient cries out, classical picture, because the carrier knows nothing at all to deal with it’. |
| Communication (verbal) | ‘I always try to package that well. Because I have been doing that for [>10 years]. And I have noticed that when you throw survival statistics, etc., at patients, particularly patients with a poor prognosis, patients are very quickly shocked and demoralized. I am always open with my patients. I do not lie to my patients. Out of principle. So I do not lie to make things easier for them either’. ‘You […] can have the best medicine on the one hand if […] no reasonable communication [takes place] with the patient, the patient will not experience it as patient-oriented. Then the patient will go home and say, I do not know what is going on with me’. |
| Attitudes towards PCC | ‘They all bend backwards here […] that the people here feel very comfortable. And that they feel dignity’. ‘[…] and then, it is typically the mobile nursing service, particularly when there are no friends or family, who then morally, ultimately, and ethically feels obligated to really jump in and organize and do and whatever’. ‘Then, I think, if we did not have such good staff members who are so committed, it really could hardly be done’. |
PCC, patient-centred care.