Characteristics of the participants by diabetes categories (n=18 856)
| Non-diabetic N (%) | Prediabetic N (%) | Diabetic N (%) | P value | |
| 13 598 (72.11) | 2057 (10.91) | 3201 (16.98) | ||
| Age (years) | ||||
| 20–30 | 2772 (20.37) | 218 (10.60) | 176 (5.52) | <0.001 |
| 31–40 | 3503 (25.74) | 425 (20.66) | 511 (16.01) | |
| 41–50 | 3802 (27.94) | 654 (31.79) | 1033 (32.37) | |
| 51–60 | 1955 (14.37) | 412 (20.03) | 833 (26.10) | |
| 61 and above | 1576 (11.58) | 348 (16.92) | 638 (19.99) | |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 7363 (54.15) | 1099 (53.43) | 1638 (51.17) | 0.010 |
| Female | 6235 (45.85) | 958 (46.57) | 1563 (48.83) | |
| Education | ||||
| No formal education | 9853 (72.41) | 1516 (73.70) | 2439 (76.43) | <0.001 |
| Primary | 1936 (14.23) | 354 (17.21) | 452 (14.16) | |
| Secondary | 818 (6.01) | 99 (4.81) | 184 (5.77) | |
| Graduation | 1001 (7.36) | 88 (4.28) | 116 (3.64) | |
| Area | ||||
| Urban | 9117 (67.00) | 1213 (58.97) | 1932 (60.55) | <0.001 |
| Rural | 4491 (33.00) | 844 (41.03) | 1259 (39.45) | |
| Family history | ||||
| Negative | 10 325 (75.93) | 1210 (58.82) | 1320 (41.24) | <0.001 |
| Positive | 3273 (24.07) | 847 (41.18) | 1881 (58.76) | |
| Smoking | ||||
| Never | 12 682 (93.26) | 1893 (92.03) | 2937 (91.75) | 0.008 |
| Ex-smoker | 275 (2.02) | 49 (2.38) | 91 (2.84) | |
| Current smoker | 641 (4.71) | 115 (5.59) | 173 (5.40) | |
| Systolic BP (mean±SD) | 124.98 | 128.17 | 130.77 | 0.020 |
| Diastolic BP (mean±SD) | 82.75 | 84.13 | 84.84 | 0.006 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||
| Underweight (<18.5) | 279 (2.05) | 31 (1.51) | 35 (1.09) | <0.001 |
| Normal weight (18.5 to <25) | 5137 (37.78) | 668 (32.47) | 1019 (31.83) | |
| Overweight (25 to <30) | 5884 (43.27) | 850 (41.32) | 1288 (40.24) | |
| Class I obese (30 to <35) | 1844 (13.56) | 396 (19.25) | 621 (19.40) | |
| Class II obese (35 to <40) | 372 (2.74) | 83 (4.04) | 178 (5.56) | |
| Class III obese (≥40) | 82 (0.60) | 29 (1.41) | 60 (1.87) | |
| Waist circumference* | ||||
| Normal weight | 6787 (70.88) | 645 (51.68) | 1142 (55.93) | <0.001 |
| Overweight | 1676 (17.50) | 285 (22.84) | 357 (17.48) | |
| Obese | 1113 (11.62) | 318 (25.48) | 543 (26.59) | |
| Waist-to-hip ratio* | ||||
| Normal weight | 3219 (33.62) | 394 (31.57) | 658 (32.22) | 0.002 |
| Overweight | 5528 (57.73) | 768 (61.54) | 1171 (57.35) | |
| Obese | 828 (8.65) | 86 (6.89) | 213 (10.43) | |
*n for waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio is 12 865.
BP, blood pressure.