Association of patient characteristics with changes in vulnerability after controlling for initial VES-13 scores and HHC referral in linear regression
| Characteristics | Change period | ||
| Baseline to 30 days | 30–90 days | Baseline to 90 days | |
| VES-13 score (baseline) | −0.54† | −0.51† | |
| VES-13 score (30 days) | −0.50† | ||
| HHC referral | 0.16† | −0.07* | 0.05 |
| Hospital admission variables | |||
| Age | 0.14† | 0.12† | 0.14† |
| Female | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.04 |
| Health literacy (BHLS score) | <0.01 | −0.02 | <0.01 |
| Year of education | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.04 |
| Difficulty paying bills | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.03 |
| Married/living with partner | 0.01 | −0.02 | −0.03 |
| Race: African-American | −0.03 | 0.08‡ | 0.05 |
| Race: Other | −0.04 | −0.04 | −0.04 |
| Annual household income | −0.08 | −0.03 | −0.05 |
| Social support (ESSI score) | −0.05 | <0.01 | −0.04 |
| Depressive symptoms (PHQ score) | 0.04 | 0.11§ | 0.02 |
| Cognitive functioning (SPMSQ score) | −0.04 | 0.04 | 0.01 |
| Length of hospital stay | −0.03 | −0.03 | −0.06 |
| Comorbidity (Elixhauser Index) | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.04 |
| Outpatient visits (past 12 months) | 0.10§ | 0.08‡ | 0.09‡ |
| Hospitalisations (past 12 months) | 0.09‡ | 0.03 | 0.07 |
| Admitting diagnosis: ADHF | −0.02 | 0.03 | <0.01 |
| Admitting diagnosis: ACS/ADHF | 0.02 | <0.01 | 0.01 |
Change 30 days from baseline: (baseline VES-13, HHC referral) adjusted R2=0.15, p<0.001; (patient factors) R2 change=0.06, p<0.001; final model: R2=0.46, adjusted R2=0.19, p<0.001. Change 90 days from 90 days: (30-day VES-13, HHC referral) adjusted R2=0.13, p<0.001; (patient factors) R2change=0.06, p<0.001; final model: R2=0.43, adjusted R2=0.17, p<0.001. Change 90 days from baseline: (baseline VES-13, HHC referral) adjusted R2=0.14, p<0.001;
(patient factors) R2change=0.06, p<0.001; final model: R2=0.44, adjusted R2=0.18, p<0.001.
*P=0.059.
†P<0.001.
‡P<0.05.
§P<0.01.
ACS, acute coronary syndrome; ADHF, acute decompensated heart failure; BHLS, Brief Health Literacy Screen; ESSI, ENRICHD Social Support Inventory; HHC, home healthcare; PHQ, Patient Health Questionnaire; SPMSQ, Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire; VES-13, Vulnerable Elders Surveys 13.