Participant characteristics at baseline (n=188)
| Variables | Frequency (%) or mean (SD) |
| Age (years) | 81 (6) |
| Sex | |
| Male | 68 (36.2) |
| Female | 120 (63.8) |
| Height (cm) | 161 (11) |
| Weight (kg) | 69 (16) |
| Education | |
| Grades 9–13 or diploma | 8 (4.2) |
| High school | 14 (7.4) |
| Less than grade 9 | 11 (5.9) |
| University without certificate | 16 (8.5) |
| Trade or professional certificate | 18 (9.6) |
| University degrees | 41 (21.8) |
| Other | 80 (42.6) |
| IADL | 6.7 (1.8) |
| SPPB (12 points max) | 7.8 (2.5) |
| PPA | 2.6 (1.3) |
| TUG (s) | 17.3 (7.5) |
| GDS | 3.4 (3.1) |
| MMSE (30 points max) | 26.6 (3.8) |
| MoCA (30 points max) | 21.7 (5.1) |
| Stroop difference colour word | 83 (45) |
| Stroop 1 | 47.0 (16.6) |
| Stroop 2 | 74.7 (28.1) |
| Stroop 3 | 157.7 (63.9) |
| Trails B-A | 85 (333) |
| DSST | 20 (7) |
DSST, Digit Symbol Substitution Test; GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale; IADL, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; PPA, Physiological Profile Assessment; SPPB, Short Performance Physical Battery; TUG, Timed Up and Go.