Table 2

Associations between candidate predictors and high blood pressure at the age of 9–10 years

CharacteristicsUnivariable OR (95% CI)Multivariable OR from final model (95% CI)
Baseline predictors
 Female gender0.85 (0.63 to 1.15)–
 Child ethnicity
  Western Reference category Reference category
  Turkish4.27 (2.76 to 6.60)2.63 (1.59 to 4.34)
  Moroccan1.22 (0.58 to 2.59)0.78 (0.34 to 1.80)
  Surinamese1.12 (0.56 to 2.21)0.76 (0.37 to 1.56)
  Other non-western2.11 (1.41 to 3.17)1.67 (1.07 to 2.59)
Gestational age at birth*, 41 weeks vs 39 weeks0.86 (0.75 to 0.98)–
 Birth weight, +1 SDS vs −1 SDS0.59 (0.44 to 0.80)0.60 (0.43 to 0.83)
 Maternal prepregnancy BMI*, 25 kg/m2 vs 21 kg/m2 1.37 (1.21 to 1.55)1.16 (1.02 to 1.33)
 Maternal hypertensive disease in pregnancy2.64 (1.67 to 4.15)2.43 (1.51 to 3.93)
 Maternal educational level
  No/primary education Reference category Reference category
  Secondary education0.62 (0.38 to 1.03)0.86 (0.50 to 1.49)
  Higher education0.25 (0.15 to 0.42)0.44 (0.23 to 0.81)
 Hypertension in at least one biological parent4.27 (2.08 to 8.75)–
 CVD in first degree relatives of at least one biological parent1.30 (0.79 to 2.14)–
 Smoking by at least one parent1.48 (0.91 to 2.41)–
Time-varying predictors
 BMI SDS +1 vs BMI SDS −1 at age 6 months1.22 (0.96 to 1.54)1.28 (1.02 to 1.61)
 BMI SDS +1 vs BMI SDS −1 at age 1 year1.32 (1.05 to 1.66)1.35 (1.08 to 1.68)
 BMI SDS +1 vs BMI SDS −1 at age 2 years1.54 (1.23 to 1.93)1.50 (1.20 to 1.86)
 BMI SDS +1 vs BMI SDS −1 at age 3 years1.80 (1.42 to 2.29)1.66 (1.32 to 2.08)
 BMI SDS +1 vs BMI SDS −1 at age 4 years2.11 (1.63 to 2.73)1.85 (1.45 to 2.36)
 BMI SDS +1 vs BMI SDS −1 at age 5 years2.47 (1.85 to 3.29)2.05 (1.56 to 2.69)
 BMI SDS +1 vs BMI SDS −1 at age 6 years2.89 (2.09 to 3.99)2.28 (1.68 to 3.08)

  • *OR is presented for a comparison between the outer values of the IQR.

  • BMI, body mass index; CVD, cardiovascular disease; SDS, SD score.