Table 1

Inclusion and exclusion criteria

PICOSIncludedExcluded
Population

  • Studies with a mean age of 18 years or older.

  • Diagnosis of (DSM-V) OUD.

  • Inpatients and outpatients.

  • Diagnosis of OUD with mental health disorder comorbidities.

  • Diagnosis of (DSM-IV or prior) opioid dependence or addiction.

  • Patients younger than 18 years of age.

  • No clear diagnosis of OUD.

  • Patients mandated to treatment (ie, civil commitment, drug court, diversion programme).

  • Opioid dependence in cancer pain.

Interventions

  • SDM (explicitly).

  • Patient preferences.

  • Patient engagement.

  • Interventions that do not intend to treat OUD.

Control

  • Studies with or without control groups.

  • None.

Outcomes

  • All outcomes related to OUD treatment including:

    • Mental health symptoms.

    • Sociobehavioural.

    • Physical health.

  • None.

Study type/design

  • Peer-reviewed literature

  • Experimental studies (eg, randomised controlled trials).

  • Quasi-experimental studies (eg, pretest/post-test).

  • Observational studies (cross-sectional surveys, cohort, case–control).

  • Quantitative and qualitative studies.

  • Systematic reviews.

  • Meta-analyses.

  • Editorials.

  • Animal studies.

  • Case studies, case series.

  • Non-peer-reviewed literature.

  • DSM-V, Fifth Edition of the Diagnostic and Statistics Manual; OUD, opioid use disorder; SDM, shared decision-making.