Table 2

Measures of frequency and association for depression or self-harm in new users of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) or new users of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) versus sulfonylureas (SU), thiazolidinediones (TZD) or insulin

DPP-4i new user cohortGLP-1RA new user cohort
Comparator: SU
DPP-4iSUGLP-1RASU
No of patients620622 12850116 409
Person-years of follow-up558918 59654913 418
No of events4621810183
Incidence per 1000 person-years (95% CI)8.2 (6.2 to 11)11.7 (10.3 to 13.4)18.2 (10 to 33.5)13.6 (11.8 to 15.8)
Crude HR0.70 (0.51–0.96)Ref1.36 (0.72–2.58)Ref
Adjusted HR0.80 (0.57–1.13)Ref1.25 (0.63–2.50)Ref
Comparator: TZD
DPP-4iTZDGLP-1RATZD
No of patients956525128512011
Person-years of follow-up9190278610352165
No of events92301727
Incidence per 1000 person-years (95% CI)10.0 (8.2 to 12.3)10.8 (7.6 to 15.4)16.4 (10.3 to 26.3)12.5 (8.6 to 18.1)
Crude HR0.90 (0.59–1.36)Ref1.32 (0.72–2.42)Ref
Adjusted HR1.17 (0.70–1.96)Ref1.18 (0.53–2.65)Ref
Comparator: insulin
DPP-4iInsulinGLP-1RAInsulin
No of patients10 04936008542745
Person-years of follow-up987811611033919
No of events97241419
Incidence per 1000 person-years (95% CI)9.8 (8.1 to 12)20.7 (13.9 to 30.8)13.6 (8.1 to 22.7)20.7 (13.3 to 32.3)
Crude HR0.54 (0.34–0.87)Ref0.74 (0.35–1.56)Ref
Adjusted HR0.98 (0.53–1.83)Ref1.07 (0.39–2.94)Ref