Comparisons of self-rated health (SF-12) among university students with and without depressive symptoms
| Self-rated health (SF-12) | Depressive symptoms* | Severe depressive symptoms† | ||||
| No | Yes | P values‡ | No | Yes | P values‡ | |
| Self-perception on general health status | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Very good | 106 (64.2) | 59 (35.8) | 147 (89.1) | 18 (10.9) | ||
| Good | 380 (58.5) | 270 (41.5) | 566 (87.1) | 84 (12.9) | ||
| Neither good nor poor | 176 (38.0) | 287 (62.0) | 351 (75.8) | 112 (24.2) | ||
| Poor | 10 (12.3) | 71 (87.7) | 29 (35.8) | 52 (64.2) | ||
| Limitation in moderate activities on a typical day | <0.001 | 0.02 | ||||
| Greatly limited | 20 (28.2) | 51 (71.8) | 50 (70.4) | 21 (29.6) | ||
| Mildly limited | 291 (45.6) | 347 (54.4) | 505 (79.2) | 133 (20.8) | ||
| Not limited | 361 (55.5) | 289 (44.5) | 538 (82.8) | 112 (17.2) | ||
| Limitation in climbing several flights of stairs | <0.001 | 0.24 | ||||
| Greatly limited | 64 (35.8) | 115 (64.2) | 140 (78.2) | 39 (21.8) | ||
| Mildly limited | 323 (47.8) | 353 (52.2) | 536 (79.3) | 140 (20.7) | ||
| Not limited | 285 (56.5) | 219 (43.5) | 417 (82.7) | 87 (17.2) | ||
| Limitation in other kinds of activities in past 4 weeks | 271 (37.8) | 446 (62.2) | <0.001 | 516 (72.0) | 201 (28.0) | <0.001 |
| Accomplished less than you would like in past 4 weeks as a result of emotional health | 377 (61.9) | 232 (38.1) | <0.001 | 553 (50.6) | 197 (26.3) | <0.001 |
| Accomplished less than you would like in past 4 weeks as a result of physical health | 304 (67.3) | 148 (32.7) | <0.001 | 675 (74.4) | 232 (25.6) | <0.001 |
| Did activities less carefully than usual in past 4 weeks | 378 (41.8) | 526 (58.2) | <0.001 | 677 (74.9) | 227 (25.1) | <0.001 |
| Pain interferes with your normal work in past 4 weeks | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| Not at all | 141 (75.8) | 45 (24.2) | 176 (94.6) | 10 (5.4) | ||
| A little bit | 401 (57.6) | 295 (42.4) | 635 (91.2) | 61 (8.8) | ||
| Moderately | 106 (32.9) | 216 (31.4) | 216 (67.1) | 106 (32.9) | ||
| Quite a bit | 23 (16.5) | 116 (83.5) | 62 (44.6) | 77 (55.4) | ||
| Extremely | 1 (6.3) | 15 (93.8) | 4 (25.0) | 12 (75.0) | ||
| Feeling calm and peaceful in past 4 weeks | 0.33 | 0.06 | ||||
| A lot of the time | 22 (42.3) | 30 (57.7) | 38 (73.1) | 14 (26.9) | ||
| Most of the time | 68 (53.5) | 59 (46.5) | 92 (72.9) | 35 (27.6) | ||
| A good bit of time | 115 (50.9) | 111 (49.1) | 188 (83.2) | 38 (16.2) | ||
| Some of the time | 278 (46.8) | 316 (53.2) | 477 (80.3) | 117 (17.7) | ||
| A little of the time | 170 (51.8) | 158 (48.2) | 274 (83.5) | 54 (16.5) | ||
| None of the time | 19 (59.4) | 13 (40.6) | 24 (75.0) | 8 (25.0) | ||
| Having a lot of energy in past 4 weeks | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| A lot of the time | 46 (61.3) | 29 (38.7) | 66 (88.0) | 9 (12.0) | ||
| Most of the time | 111 (68.9) | 50 (31.1) | 149 (92.5) | 12 (7.5) | ||
| A good bit of time | 245 (56.8) | 186 (43.2) | 383 (88.9) | 48 (11.1) | ||
| Some of the time | 207 (41.5) | 292 (58.5) | 364 (72.9) | 135 (27.1) | ||
| A little of the time | 57 (33.7) | 112 (66.3) | 116 (68.6) | 53 (31.4) | ||
| None of the time | 6 (25.0) | 18 (75.0) | 15 (62.5) | 9 (37.5) | ||
| Feeling downhearted and blue in past 4 weeks | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| A lot of the time | 7 (21.9) | 25 (78.1) | 14 (43.8) | 18 (56.3) | ||
| Most of the time | 8 (8.3) | 88 (91.7) | 36 (37.5) | 60 (62.5) | ||
| A good bit of the time | 42 (17.9) | 171 (80.3) | 117 (54.9) | 96 (45.1) | ||
| Some of the time | 222 (46.7) | 253 (53.3) | 412 (86.7) | 63 (13.3) | ||
| A little of the time | 354 (71.5) | 141 (28.5) | 469 (94.7) | 26 (5.3) | ||
| None of the time | 39 (81.3) | 9 (18.8) | 45 (93.8) | 3 (6.3) | ||
| Physical health interferes social act in past 4 weeks | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| A lot of the time | 4 (33.3) | 8 (66.7) | 6 (50.0) | 6 (50.0) | ||
| Most of the time | 10 (23.3) | 33 (76.7) | 18 (41.9) | 58 (58.1) | ||
| Some of the time | 146 (38.1) | 237 (61.9) | 275 (71.8) | 108 (28.2) | ||
| A little of the time | 355 (53.7) | 306 (46.3) | 568 (85.9) | 93 (14.1) | ||
| None of the time | 157 (60.4) | 103 (39.6) | 226 (26.9) | 34 (13.2) | ||
Values are numbers of subjects (%) for categorical variables.
*Defined by a Center for Epidemiology Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) score of ≥16.
†Defined by a CES-D score of ≥23.
‡χ2 test was used for categorical variables or Fisher’s exact test was used as appropriate.