Factors associated with depressive symptoms and severe depressive symptoms
| Variables in the final model* | Depressive symptoms† | Severe depressive symptoms‡ | ||
| AOR (95% CI) | P values | AOR (95% CI) | P values | |
| Perceived academic performance | ||||
| Very good | Reference | Reference | ||
| Good | 2.28 (1.01 to 5.15) | 0.04 | 1.22 (0.35 to 4.19) | 0.76 |
| Fairly good | 3.51 (1.58 to 7.78) | 0.002 | 2.15 (0.65 to 7.11) | 0.21 |
| Fair | 5.30 (2.35 to 11.93) | <0.001 | 2.52 (0.75-8-43) | 0.13 |
| Poor | 7.31 (2.24 to 23.86) | 0.001 | 7.38 (1.75 to 10.94) | 0.006 |
| Frequency of weekly high-fat snack consumption | ||||
| 0 time | Reference | Reference | ||
| 1–2 times | 0.99 (0.72 to 1.37) | 0.95 | 1.25 (0.78 to 1.99) | 0.36 |
| 3 times or more | 1.72 (1.08 to 2.76) | 0.02 | 2.13 (1.15 to 3.95) | 0.02 |
| Frequency of weekly lean protein consumption | ||||
| 0 time | Reference | Reference | ||
| 1–2 times | 0.52 (0.34 to 0.79) | 0.002 | 0.69 (0.41 to 1.18) | 0.17 |
| 3 times or more | 0.62 (0.38 to 0.96) | 0.04 | 0.80 (0.44 to 1.47) | 0.48 |
| Amount of margarine/butter/meat fat consumption | ||||
| None/very little | Reference | |||
| Some | 0.98 (0.66 to 1.46) | 0.91 | ||
| A lot | 1.92 (1.02 to 3.64) | 0.04 | ||
| Self-perception about body shape | ||||
| Very overweight | Reference | |||
| Slightly overweight | 0.56 (0.31 to 1.07) | 0.08 | 0.65 (0.32 to 1.14) | 0.25 |
| About right | 0.58 (0.32 to 1.05 | 0.07 | 0.45 (0.22 to 0.93) | 0.03 |
| Slightly underweight | 0.54 (0.29 to 0.99) | 0.04 | 0.37 (0.18 to 0.77) | 0.008 |
| Very underweight | 0.92 (0.38 to 2.25) | 0.86 | 0.38 (0.14 to 0.99) | 0.04 |
| Self-perception on general health status | ||||
| Very good | ||||
| Good | 1.05 (0.68 to 1.64) | 0.82 | 1.19 (0.60 to 2.38) | 0.62 |
| Fair | 1.58 (0.99 to 2.51) | 0.05 | 1.47 (0.73 to 2.96) | 0.28 |
| Poor | 2.99 (1.28 to 7.00) | 0.01 | 5.43 (2.19 to 13.46) | <0.001 |
| Limitation in moderate activities on a typical day | ||||
| Greatly limited | Reference | Reference | ||
| Mildly limited | 0.39 (0.20 to 0.74) | 0.004 | 0.64 (0.29 to 1.34) | 0.23 |
| Not limited | 0.30 (0.16 to 0.58) | <0.001 | 0.63 (0.30 to 1.36) | 0.24 |
| Pain interferes with your normal work in past 4 weeks | ||||
| Not at all | Reference | Reference | ||
| A little bit | 1.68 (1.08 to 2.61) | 0.02 | 1.01 (0.46 to 2.22) | 0.99 |
| Moderately | 3.10 (1.89 to 5.10) | <0.001 | 3.69 (1.68 to 7.11) | 0.001 |
| Quite a bit | 4.14 (2.13 to 8.05) | <0.001 | 4.68 (2.01 to 10.92) | <0.001 |
| Extremely | 10.43 (1.05 to 10.94) | 0.04 | 10.02 (1.99 to 9.28) | 0.005 |
| Feeling downhearted and blue in past 4 weeks | ||||
| None of the time | Reference | Reference | ||
| A little of the time | 0.52 (0.63 to 3.66) | 0.35 | 1.02 (0.24 to 4.29) | 0.98 |
| Some of the time | 3.42 (1.42 to 8.23) | 0.006 | 1.83 (0.45 to 7.45) | 0.40 |
| A good bit of the time | 7.70 (3.02 to 19.66) | <0.001 | 6.01 (1.45 to 4.85) | 0.01 |
| Most of the time | 20.71 (6.47 to 66.37) | <0.001 | 9.04 (2.31 to 13.71) | 0.002 |
| A lot of the time | 6.69 (1.87 to 23.90) | 0.003 | 8.72 (1.69 to 14.86) | 0.01 |
| Had been hit, slapped and kicked by a parent/guardian | ||||
| No | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 1.39 (1.04 to 1.86) | 0.03 | 1.11 (0.75 to 1.65) | 0.59 |
| People in my family had said hurtful or insulting things to me | ||||
| No | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 1.82 (1.37 to 2.42) | <0.001 | 2.18 (1.46 to 3.24) | <0.001 |
| There had been someone to take care of me and take me to medical care when I got sick | ||||
| No | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 0.51 (0.30 to 0.86) | 0.01 | 0.26 (0.13 to 0.52) | <0.001 |
*Variables in the table were the ones that remained statistically significant in the final multivariate logistic regression model after several steps of model fitting.
†Defined by a Center for Epidemiology Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) score of ≥16.
‡Defined by a CES-D score of ≥23.
AOR, adjusted OR.