Serially adjusted HRs for the association between education level and stroke, stratified by sex
| Education level | |||||
| College/university degree | Certificate/diploma/ trade/apprenticeship | Higher school certificate | School/intermediate certificate | No qualifications | |
| Reference | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | |
| Men (2031 strokes among n=116 810) | |||||
| Model 1* | 1.00 | 1.20 (1.06 to 1.37) | 1.23 (1.04 to 1.47) | 1.31 (1.13 to 1.51) | 1.25 (1.07 to 1.46) |
| Model 2† | 1.00 | 1.20 (1.06 to 1.36) | 1.22 (1.03 to 1.46) | 1.29 (1.12 to 1.49) | 1.23 (1.05 to 1.44) |
| Model 3‡ | 1.00 | 1.19 (1.05 to 1.35) | 1.21 (1.02 to 1.44) | 1.27 (1.10 to 1.47) | 1.19 (1.02 to 1.39) |
| Model 4§ | 1.00 | 1.17 (1.03 to 1.33) | 1.17 (0.98 to 1.39) | 1.23 (1.06 to 1.42) | 1.12 (0.96 to 1.32) |
| Model 5¶ | 1.00 | 1.16 (1.02 to 1.32) | 1.16 (0.97 to 1.38) | 1.21 (1.05 to 1.40) | 1.10 (0.94 to 1.30) |
| Women (1528 strokes among n=136 847) | |||||
| Model 1* | 1.00 | 1.21 (1.00 to 1.46) | 1.21 (0.97 to 1.51) | 1.23 (1.03 to 1.47) | 1.41 (1.16 to 1.71) |
| Model 2† | 1.00 | 1.22 (1.01 to 1.47) | 1.23 (0.99 to 1.53) | 1.25 (1.04 to 1.50) | 1.44 (1.19 to 1.75) |
| Model 3‡ | 1.00 | 1.21 (1.00 to 1.46) | 1.22 (0.98 to 1.52) | 1.23 (1.03 to 1.48) | 1.37 (1.13 to 1.67) |
| Model 4§ | 1.00 | 1.18 (1.98 to 1.43) | 1.17 (0.94 to 1.46) | 1.17 (0.98 to 1.41) | 1.26 (1.04 to 1.54) |
| Model 5¶ | 1.00 | 1.16 (0.96 to 1.40) | 1.17 (0.93 to 1.53) | 1.15 (0.96 to 1.38) | 1.22 (1.00 to 1.49) |
| Model 6** | 1.00 | 1.12 (0.90 to 1.38) | 1.09 (0.85 to 1.40) | 1.15 (0.94 to 1.41) | 1.21 (0.97 to 1.51) |
*Adjusted for age.
↵†Model 1+ marital status and remoteness.
↵‡Model 2+ psychological distress.
↵§Model 3+ smoking, alcohol intake, body mass index, physical activity, fruit and vegetable intake, fish consumption.
↵¶Model 4+ history of hypertension, heart disease, diabetes and treatment for raised cholesterol, Charlson Comorbidity Index and family history of stroke/heart disease.
↵**In women, model 4+ oral contraceptive use, hormone replacement therapy use and menopausal status.