Generalised linear model examining associations between opioid use and chronic pain
Variables | Categories | OR (95% CIs) | P values |
Intercept | 0.970 (0.956 to 0.985) | <0.001 | |
Age | 1.000 (1.000 to 1.000) | 0.112 | |
Pain grade | Severely limiting | 1.078 (1.060 to 1.097) | <0.001 |
Moderately limiting | 1.036 (1.016 to 1.056) | <0.001 | |
High intensity | 1.022 (1.013 to 1.031) | <0.001 | |
Low intensity | 0.995 (0.968 to 1.023) | 0.746 | |
No chronic pain | Ref | ||
Income quintile | Highest quintile | 1.017 (1.004 to 1.030) | 0.008 |
4th | 1.018 (1.006 to 1.030) | 0.004 | |
3rd | 1.018 (1.006 to 1.030) | 0.003 | |
2nd | 1.016 (1.004 to 1.028) | 0.007 | |
Lowest quintile | Ref | ||
Highest qualification | No qualification | 1.012 (1.000 to 1.024) | 0.059 |
Foreign/other | 1.005 (0.972 to 1.039) | 0.761 | |
NVQ level 1 or equivalent | 1.002 (0.984 to 1.021) | 0.809 | |
NVQ level 2 or equivalent | 1.004 (0.994 to 1.015) | 0.400 | |
NVQ level 3 or equivalent | 1.011 (1.000 to 1.022) | 0.050 | |
NVQ level 4 or equivalent | 1.005 (0.992 to 1.017) | 0.461 | |
NVQ level 5 orequivalent | Ref | ||
General health | Very bad | 1.137 (1.102 to 1. 174) | <0.001 |
Bad | 1.057 (1.035 to 1.080) | <0.001 | |
Fair | 1.022 (1.010 to 1.034) | <0.001 | |
Good | 1.000 (0.992 to 1.008) | 0.995 | |
Very good | Ref | ||
Anxiety | Extreme | 1.015 (0.991 to 1.039) | 0.227 |
Moderate | 1.008 (1.000 to 1.017) | 0.052 | |
Not anxious | Ref |