Characteristics of the study population
| Variable | South % (n) | North % (n) | Overall % (n) |
| Region | 68.2 (3896) | 31.8 (1815) | 100.0 (5711) |
| Age group | |||
| Median (25th, 75th percentile) | 45 (32, 60) | 45 (32, 60) | 45 (32, 60) |
| Sex | |||
| Female | 55.9 (2178) | 55.3 (1003) | 55.7 (3181) |
| Male | 44.1 (1718) | 44.7 (812) | 44.3 (2530) |
| Marital status | |||
| Single | 25.5 (995) | 27.7 (503) | 26.2 (1498) |
| Married/civil partner | 55.8 (2173) | 50.7 (921) | 54.2 (3094) |
| Divorced/widowed/separated | 18.7 (728) | 21.5 (391) | 19.6 (1119) |
| Anxiety grades | |||
| Extreme | 2.2 (85) | 2.9 (53) | 2.4 (138) |
| Moderate | 23.5 (917) | 24.4 (443) | 23.8 (1360) |
| Not anxious | 74.3 (2894) | 72.7 (1319) | 73.8 (4213) |
| Income quintiles | |||
| Highest | 25.1 (977) | 16.4 (297) | 22.3 (1274) |
| Second highest | 22.7 (884) | 20.2 (367) | 21.9 (1251) |
| Middle | 19.9 (775) | 20.6 (374) | 20.1 (1149) |
| Second lowest | 18.2 (708) | 25.1 (455) | 20.4 (1163) |
| Lowest | 14.2 (552) | 17.7 (322) | 15.3 (874) |
| Occupation | |||
| Managerial and professional | 40.2 (1566) | 34.2 (620) | 38.3 (2186) |
| Intermediate | 25.2 (982) | 21.5 (390) | 24.0 (1372) |
| Routine and manual | 31.0 (1209) | 40.9 (743) | 34.2 (1952) |
| Other | 3.6 (139) | 3.4 (62) | 3.5 (201) |
| Educational qualifications | |||
| No qualifications | 17.3 (674) | 21.8 (395) | 8.7 (1069) |
| Foreign/other | 1.4 (54) | 1.5 (27) | 1.4 (81) |
| NVQ level 1 or equivalent | 4.0 (155) | 4.7 (86) | 4.2 (241) |
| NVQ level 2 or equivalent | 22.2 (864) | 22.0 (399) | 22.1 (1263) |
| NVQ level 3 or equivalent | 15.6 (608) | 15.4 (279) | 15.5 (887) |
| NVQ level 4 or equivalent | 11.9 (462) | 12.2 (222) | 12.0 (684) |
| NVQ level 5 or equivalent | 27.7 (1079) | 22.4 (407) | 26.0 (1488) |
| General health | |||
| Very bad | 1.3 (52) | 2.3 (42) | 1.6 (94) |
| Bad | 4.2 (165) | 5.3 (96) | 4.6 (261) |
| Fair | 15.6 (607) | 18.2 (330) | 16.4 (937) |
| Good | 44.1 (1719) | 42.8 (776) | 43.7 (2495) |
| Very good | 34.7 (1353) | 31.5 (571) | 33.7 (1924) |
| Mental health disorder | |||
| No condition | 96.0 (3741) | 95.6 (1735) | 95.9 (5476) |
| Has condition | 4.0 (155) | 4.4 (80) | 4.1 (235) |
| Happiness scale | |||
| Median (25th, 75th percentile) | 8 (7,9) | 8 (7,9) | 8 (7, 9) |
| Weighted results with 95% CIs and numbers | |||
| Opioid use | |||
| No | 98.3 (97.9 to 98.7; n=3897) | 97.5 (96.8 to 98.3; n=1577 | 98.1 (97.7 to 98.5; n=5474) |
| Yes | 1.7 (1.3 to 2.1; n=66) | 2.5 (1.7 to 3.3; n=40) | 1.9 (1.5 to 2.3; n=106) |
| Chronic pain intensity | |||
| None | 65.0 (63.5 to 66.5; n=2574) | 63.3 (60.9 to 65.6; n=1024) | 64.5 (63.2 to 65.7; n=3598) |
| Low intensity | 1.7 (1.3 to 2.1; n=66) | 1.4 (0.8 to 1.9; n=22) | 1.6 (1.3 to 1.9; n=88) |
| High intensity | 24.2 (22.8 to 25.5; n=958) | 23.0 (21.0 to 25.1; n=373) | 23.8 (22.7 to 24.9; n=1331) |
| Moderately limiting | 3.4 (2.8 to 3.9; n=134) | 4.3 (3.3 to 5.3; n=69) | 3.6 (3.1 to 4.1; n=203) |
| Severely limiting | 5.8 (5.1 to 6.6; n=231) | 8.0 (6.7 to 9.4; n=130) | 6.5 (5.8 to 7.1; n=361) |