Table 1

Diagnostic criteria for acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs)19 34 36 46 51

Bacterial ARTIDiagnostic criteria
Acute otitis media
(either criteria)
  1. Fever≥38.3°C (101°F) with either a or b:

    1. Moderate to severe bulging of tympanic membrane on exam

    2. Mild bulging of tympanic membrane and recent (<48 hours) onset of ear pain

  2. New onset of otorrhoea not due to acute otitis externa

Sinusitis
(any of the three criteria)
  1. Daytime cough or nasal discharge for >10 days

  2. High fever (>39°C) with purulent nasal discharge or facial pain lasting three consecutive days at the beginning of the illness

  3. Worsening signs or symptoms characterised by the new onset of fever, headache or increase in nasal discharge following a typical viral upper respiratory infection

Community-acquired pneumonia
(either criteria)
  1. Fever, tachypnoea and focal findings on pulmonary exam

  2. (a) Fever, (b) tachypnoea, cough or retractions and (c) chest radiograph consistent with a focal consolidation

Streptococcal pharyngitis
(both criteria)
  1. Fever, pharyngitis and positive rapid streptococcal antigen test or culture

  2. Lack of viral signs and symptoms