Table 1

Baseline characteristics of the derivation and validation datasets, including missing data

Characteristic	Derivation (n=4093)		Validation (n=2024)
Characteristic	No.	%	No.	%
Gender
Female	3266	79.8	1602	79.2
Male	827	20.2	422	20.8
Osteoporotic status (based on UK guidelines)
Normal	1886	46.1	927	45.8
Osteopaenic	1797	43.9	893	44.1
Osteoporotic	410	10.0	204	10.1
Previous fracture
No	2935	71.7	1423	70.3
Yes	1158	28.3	601	29.7
No. of previous fractures
None	2935	71.7	1423	70.3
1 fracture	862	21.1	467	23.1
2–4 fractures	270	6.6	122	6.0
5+ fractures	26	0.6	12	0.6
Parental history of hip fracture
No	2755	67.3	1359	67.1
Yes	1338	32.7	665	32.9
Current smoking status
Other (non/ex)	3182	77.7	1529	75.5
Smoker	911	22.3	495	24.5
Alcohol consumption
≤3 units per day	3875	94.7	1923	95.0
>3 units per day	218	5.3	101	5.0
Glucocorticoid use
No	3577	87.4	1741	86.0
Yes	516	12.6	283	14.0
Rheumatoid arthritis
No	3686	90.1	1801	88.0
Yes	407	9.9	223	11.0
Other bone affecting disease
No	2382	58.2	1139	56.3
Yes	1711	41.8	885	43.7
Secondary osteoporosis
No	3438	84.0	1689	83.4
Yes	655	16.0	335	16.6
By disease
Type 1 diabetes
No	4010	98.0	1981	97.9
Yes	83	2.0	43	2.1
Osteogenesis
No	4093	100	2024	100
Yes	0	0	0	0
Hyperthyroidism
No	4089	99.9	2023	99.9
Yes	4	0.1	1	0.1
Malnutrition
No	4090	99.9	2023	99.9
Yes	3	0.1	1	0.1
Chronic liver disease
No	4006	97.9	1979	97.8
Yes	87	2.1	45	2.2
Menopause (women only)†
No	853	26.1	405	25.3
Yes	2413	73.9	1197	74.7
Premature menopause (<45 years)‡
No	1904	78.9	941	78.6
Yes	509	21.1	256	21.4