Predictive models for the use of palliative care
| Exposure | Use of palliative care (Yes/No)* | Number of palliative care days† | ||
| OR (95% CI) | Incidence rate ratio (95% CI) | |||
| Trajectory | ||||
| Terminal illness | 17.06 | (17.03 to 17.09) | 6.94 | (6.91 to 6.97) |
| Organ failure | 1.70 | (1.68 to 1.72) | 1.56 | (1.54 to 1.58) |
| Frailty | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Other | 1.60 | (1.56 to 1.64) | 0.97 | (0.93 to 1.01) |
| Sudden death | 0.35 | (0.27 to 0.43) | 0.22 | (0.16 to 0.28) |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 1.06 | (1.04 to 1.08) | 1.08 | (1.06 to 1.10) |
| Male | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Age | ||||
| <19 | 0.72 | (0.64 to 0.80) | 0.78 | (0.72 to 0.84) |
| 19–45 | 0.89 | (0.84 to 0.94) | 0.98 | (0.93 to 1.03) |
| 45–54 | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| 55–64 | 1.08 | (1.04 to 1.12) | 0.97 | (0.93 to 1.01) |
| 65–74 | 1.17 | (1.13 to 1.21) | 0.95 | (0.92 to 0.98) |
| 75–84 | 1.16 | (1.12 to 1.20) | 0.90 | (0.86 to 0.94) |
| 85–94 | 1.00 | (0.84 to 1.16) | 1.67 | (1.55 to 1.79) |
| ≥95 | 1.10 | (1.05 to 1.15) | 0.91 | (0.86 to 0.96) |
| Income quintiles | ||||
| Q1 | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Q2 | 1.05 | (1.02 to 1.08) | 1.09 | (1.06 to 1.12) |
| Q3 | 1.01 | (0.98 to 1.04) | 1.08 | (1.05 to 1.11) |
| Q4 | 1.07 | (1.04 to 1.10) | 1.10 | (1.07 to 1.13) |
| Q5 | 1.09 | (1.06 to 1.12) | 1.19 | (1.16 to 1.22) |
| Rurality | ||||
| Rural | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Urban | 1.28 | (1.25 to 1.31) | 1.23 | (1.2 to 1.26) |
| No. of comorbidities | ||||
| 0 | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| 1 | 3.27 | (3.18 to 3.36) | 2.82 | (2.75 to 2.89) |
| 2 | 3.74 | (3.65 to 3.83) | 3.13 | (3.06 to 3.20) |
| 3 | 4.12 | (4.03 to 4.21) | 3.43 | (3.36 to 3.50) |
| 4 | 4.53 | (4.44 to 4.62) | 3.69 | (3.62 to 3.76) |
| 5 | 4.75 | (4.66 to 4.84) | 3.97 | (3.90 to 4.04) |
| ≥6 | 5.40 | (5.31 to 5.49) | 4.83 | (4.76 to 4.90) |
*Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine OR.
†Negative binomial regression was used to determine incidence rate ratio.