Exposure variables (please see VOC measurements)
Parent compound | VOC metabolite | Common abbreviation |
Acetaldehyde | Acetic acid/acetate | ACETATE |
Acrolein | N-acetyl-S-(2-carboxyethyl)-L-cysteine | CEMA |
N-acetyl-S-(3-hydroxypropyl)-L-cysteine | 3HPMA | |
Acrylamide | N-acetyl-S-(2-carbamoylethyl)-L-cysteine | AAMA |
N-acetyl-S-(2-carbamoyl-2-hydroxyethyl)-L-cysteine | GAMA | |
Acrylonitrile | N-acetyl-S-(2-cyanoethyl)-L-cysteine | CYMA |
Acrylonitrile, vinyl chloride, ethylene oxide | N-acetyl-S-(2-hydroxyethyl)-L-cysteine | HAEMA |
Anabasine | Anabasine (free) | ANB |
Anatabine | Anatabine (free) | ANTB |
Benzene | N-acetyl-S-(phenyl)-L-cysteine | PMA |
Trans, trans-muconic acid | MU | |
1-bromopropane | N-acetyl-S-(n-propyl)-L-cysteine | BPMA |
1,3-butadiene | N-acetyl-S-(3,4-dihydroxybutyl)-L-cysteine | DHBMA |
N-acetyl-S-(1-hydroxymethyl-2-propenyl)-L-cysteine | MHBMA1 | |
N-acetyl-S-(2-hydroxy-3-butenyl)-L-cysteine | MHBMA2 | |
N-acetyl-S-(4-hydroxy-2-buten-1-yl)-L-cysteine | MHBMA3 | |
Carbon disulfide | 2-thioxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid | TTCA |
Crotonaldehyde | N-acetyl-S-(3-hydroxypropyl-1-methyl)-L-cysteine | HPMMA |
Cyanide | 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid | ATCA |
N,N-dimethylformamide | N-acetyl-S-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-L-cysteine | AMCC |
Ethylbenzene, styrene | Phenylglyoxylic acid | PGA |
Formaldehyde | Formate | FORMATE |
Nicotine | Nicotine | NIC |
Cotinine | COT | |
3-hydroxycotinine | 3HC | |
Propylene oxide | N-acetyl-S-(2-hydroxypropyl)-L-cysteine | 2HPMA |
Styrene | N-acetyl-S-(1-phenyl-2-hydroxyethyl)-L-cysteine+ | PHEMA |
N-acetyl-S-(2-phenyl-2-hydroxyethyl)-L-cysteine | ||
Mandelic acid | MA | |
Tetrachloroethylene | N-acetyl-S-(trichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine | TCVMA |
Toluene | N-acetyl-S-(benzyl)-L-cysteine | BMA |
Trichloroethylene | N-acetyl-S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine | 1,2DCVMA |
N-acetyl-S-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine | 2,2DCVMA | |
Xylene |
N-acetyl-S-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-L-cysteine+ N-acetyl-S-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)-L-cysteine+ N-acetyl-S-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-L-cysteine | DPMA |
2-methylhippuric acid | 2MHA | |
3-methylhippuric acid+4 methylhippuric acid | 3MHA+4MHA |
Urine is analysed for 23 metabolites of 18 parent VOCs and tobacco alkaloids by UPLC-MS/MS. Analytes are listed as parent, metabolite and their common abbreviation.
UPLC-MS, ultra performance liquid chromatography - mass spectrometer; VOC, volatile organic compound.