Table 2

Exposure variables (please see VOC measurements)

Parent compoundVOC metaboliteCommon abbreviation
AcetaldehydeAcetic acid/acetateACETATE
Acrolein N-acetyl-S-(2-carboxyethyl)-L-cysteineCEMA
N-acetyl-S-(3-hydroxypropyl)-L-cysteine3HPMA
Acrylamide N-acetyl-S-(2-carbamoylethyl)-L-cysteineAAMA
N-acetyl-S-(2-carbamoyl-2-hydroxyethyl)-L-cysteineGAMA
Acrylonitrile N-acetyl-S-(2-cyanoethyl)-L-cysteineCYMA
Acrylonitrile, vinyl chloride, ethylene oxide N-acetyl-S-(2-hydroxyethyl)-L-cysteineHAEMA
AnabasineAnabasine (free)ANB
AnatabineAnatabine (free)ANTB
Benzene N-acetyl-S-(phenyl)-L-cysteinePMA
Trans, trans-muconic acidMU
1-bromopropane N-acetyl-S-(n-propyl)-L-cysteineBPMA
1,3-butadiene N-acetyl-S-(3,4-dihydroxybutyl)-L-cysteineDHBMA
N-acetyl-S-(1-hydroxymethyl-2-propenyl)-L-cysteineMHBMA1
N-acetyl-S-(2-hydroxy-3-butenyl)-L-cysteineMHBMA2
N-acetyl-S-(4-hydroxy-2-buten-1-yl)-L-cysteineMHBMA3
Carbon disulfide2-thioxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acidTTCA
Crotonaldehyde N-acetyl-S-(3-hydroxypropyl-1-methyl)-L-cysteineHPMMA
Cyanide2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acidATCA
N,N-dimethylformamide N-acetyl-S-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-L-cysteineAMCC
Ethylbenzene, styrenePhenylglyoxylic acidPGA
FormaldehydeFormateFORMATE
NicotineNicotineNIC
CotinineCOT
3-hydroxycotinine3HC
Propylene oxide N-acetyl-S-(2-hydroxypropyl)-L-cysteine2HPMA
Styrene N-acetyl-S-(1-phenyl-2-hydroxyethyl)-L-cysteine+PHEMA
N-acetyl-S-(2-phenyl-2-hydroxyethyl)-L-cysteine
Mandelic acidMA
Tetrachloroethylene N-acetyl-S-(trichlorovinyl)-L-cysteineTCVMA
Toluene N-acetyl-S-(benzyl)-L-cysteineBMA
Trichloroethylene N-acetyl-S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine1,2DCVMA
N-acetyl-S-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine2,2DCVMA
Xylene N-acetyl-S-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-L-cysteine+
N-acetyl-S-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)-L-cysteine+
N-acetyl-S-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-L-cysteine		DPMA
2-methylhippuric acid2MHA
3-methylhippuric acid+4 methylhippuric acid3MHA+4MHA

  • Urine is analysed for 23 metabolites of 18 parent VOCs and tobacco alkaloids by UPLC-MS/MS. Analytes are listed as parent, metabolite and their common abbreviation.

  • UPLC-MS, ultra performance liquid chromatography - mass spectrometer; VOC, volatile organic compound.