Case series‡ | Elster, 40 2009 | Miller and Miller 42 2009 | Stewart, 44 2012 | Miller and Benfield, 43 2008 | Wiberg and Wiberg, 45 2010 | Davies and Jamison, 39 2007 | Marchand and Miller, 41 2009 |
1. Question clearly stated? | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
2. Population clearly described? | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | CD |
3. Were cases consecutive? | CD | Yes | CD | Yes | Yes | Yes | CD |
4. Were subjects comparable? | CD | Yes | CD | Yes | Yes | Yes | CD |
5. Intervention clearly described? | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No |
6. Outcomes consistent and appropriate across all participants? | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
7. Follow-up adequate? | CD | CD | No | CD | No | CD | CD |
8. Statistics described and appropriate? | No | NA | Yes | Yes | CD | NA | NA |
9. Results clear? | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No |
Quality assessment | Low | Mod | Low | Mod | Mod | Mod | Low |