Secondary outcomes
| Study | Measure; data collection method | Results |
| Braeken et al, 2009,26 201327 and 201328 | Extent of psychological symptoms at 3 months and 12 months after baseline Measured with the HADS and the GHQ-12 (assesses with 12 items whether the patient considers himself or herself better, the same, worse or much worse over the previous 4 weeks than he/she ‘usually’ is; total scores range from 0 to 12) Patients complete these self-reported questionnaires at baseline and at 3 and 12 months after the baseline period. | Mixed effects modelling No significant intervention effects were observed for patients’ extent of psychological distress (3 months after baseline mean psychological distress score control group 2.85 vs intervention group 2.74, P=0.19; 12 months after baseline mean psychological distress score control group 2.14 vs intervention group 1.96, P=0.12). |
| Group differences in the proportion of dichotomous distress outcome (no or at least moderate distress) at 3 months and 12 months after baseline Measured with HADS and GHQ-12 | Generalised estimating equations No significant intervention effects were observed for proportion of patients with distress (3 months after baseline control group 39% vs experimental group 38.4%, P=0.036; 12 months after baseline control group 24.7% vs intervention group 24.3%, P=0.39). |
GHQ-12, Goldberg’s General Health Questionnaire-12 item version; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.