Sociodemographic characteristics and traditional tobacco use among all participants and by user group
| All participants (n=82) | ENDS users (n=27) | Dual users (n=28) | Cigarette smokers (n=27) | P value | |
| Age, median | 41.5 | 33.0† | 41.0 | 46.0 | 0.0263 |
| Gender, % | 0.3592 | ||||
| Male | 37.8 | 29.6 | 35.7 | 48.2 | |
| Female | 62.2 | 70.4 | 64.3 | 51.9 | |
| Marital status, % | 0.1261 | ||||
| Married/member of unmarried couple | 42.7 | 44.4 | 28.6 | 55.6 | |
| Never married/divorced/separated/widowed | 57.3 | 55.6 | 71.4 | 44.4 | |
| Education level, % | 0.2567 | ||||
| At least some college | 50.0 | 63.0 | 42.9 | 44.4 | |
| High school diploma, GED or less | 50.0 | 37.0 | 57.1 | 55.6 | |
| Employment status*, % | 0.6162 | ||||
| Employed for wages/self-employed | 53.7 | 55.6 | 46.4 | 59.3 | |
| Other | 46.3 | 44.4 | 53.6 | 40.7 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) category, % | 0.1333 | ||||
| Normal weight | 24.7 | 30.8 | 32.1 | 11.1 | |
| Overweight or obese | 75.3 | 69.2 | 67.9 | 88.9 | |
| Traditional/sacred tobacco use in past 3 months, % | 0.0366 | ||||
| Yes | 17.5 | 7.4 | 11.5 | 33.3 | |
| No | 82.5 | 92.6 | 88.5 | 66.7 |
*Asked only to those who were employed for wages or self-employed.
†ENDS users significantly different from cigarette smokers at P<0.05.
BMI, body mass index; ENDS, electronic nicotine delivery system; GED, general education diploma.