Table 3

Associations between lifestyle factors and hypertension; Comprehensive Kidney Disease Assessment for Risk Factors, Epidemiology, Knowledge and Attitudes, 2015

VariablesPrevalence risk ratios (95% CI)
UnadjustedAdjusted*
Ongoing tobacco use1.25 (0.75 to 2.10)0.68 (0.41 to 1.14)
Traditional medicine use0.60 (0.41 to 0.87)0.37 (0.26 to 0.54)
Ongoing alcohol use2.29 (1.26 to 4.15)1.72 (1.15 to 2.58)
Overweight/obese1.00 (0.57 to 1.74)1.28 (0.84 to 1.97)
Urban residence0.58 (0.34 to 1.00)0.85 (0.59 to 1.22)
  • Bold data indicates significance at the 5% level.

  • *Adjusted for age, gender and ethnicity.