Pooled ORs for risk of any epiretinal membrane
| Risk factors | Studies | OR (95% CI) | I2 (%) | References |
| Age (per year) | 5 | 1.19 (1.13 to 1.26) | 95.1 | 3–5 9 10 19 |
| Sex (female) | 6 | 1.34 (1.17 to 1.53) | 24.8 | 3–5 9 19 20 |
| Myopia (present) | 4 | 1.21 (0.67 to 2.19) | 88.9 | 6 8 9 19 |
| Hyperopia (present) | 3 | 1.23 (0.78 to 1.94) | 83.8 | 6 8 19 |
| Hypertension (present) | 6 | 1.04 (0.90 to 1.20) | 11.2 | 4–6 9 19 20 |
| Diabetes (present) | 6 | 1.13 (0.92 to 1.38) | 17.1 | 4–6 9 19 20 |
| Smoking (present) | 7 | 0.67 (0.58 to 0.78) | 0 | 3–6 8 19 20 |
| Alcohol intake (present) | 3 | 0.97 (0.75 to 1.25) | 0 | 6 9 20 |
| Early AMD (present) | 3 | 0.96 (0.63 to 1.47) | 60.7 | 2 5 6 |
| BMI (per kg/m2) | 5 | 0.99 (0.98 to 1.01) | 0 | 4–6 9 20 |
| Hyperlipidaemia (present) | 4 | 1.05 (0.99 to 1.11) | 62.0 | 4 5 9 20 |
AMD, age-related macular degeneration; BMI, body mass index.