Table 2

Age-standardised prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in the CPRD 2014

	Diabetic retinopathy						Severe diabetic retinopathy
	T2DM population			T1DM population			T2DM population			T1DM population
	160 418			13 848			160 418			13 848
2014 denominator (12+)	N	%	p Value	N	%	p Value	N	%	p Value	N	%	p Value
Overall
Prevalence (95% CI)	*49 166*	*22.7 (22.0–23.8)*	*7583*	*54.8 (53.6–56.1)*	*1933*	*0.9 (0.8–1.0)*	*1117*	*8.1 (7.6–8.6)*
Gender
Men	28 299	23.5	<0.001	4393	54.5	0.916	1206	0.9	<0.001	638	7.9	0.546
Women	20 867	21.9		3190	55.3		727	0.8		479	8.4
Age group
12–34	246	14.3	<0.001	1522	32.9	<0.001	9	0.5	<0.001	125	2.7	<0.001
35–44	1307	20.4		1381	58.5		49	0.8		209	8.9
45–54	5039	24.2		1906	65.4		209	1		321	11.0
55–64	10 107	28.6		1376	70.8		437	1.2		222	11.4
65–74	14 837	32.1		888	70.4		620	1.3		162	12.9
75+	17 630	35.3		5104	68.6		609	1.2		78	10.5
Ethnic group
White	30 253	23.6	<0.001	5028	55.3	<0.001	1105	0.8	<0.001	778	8.5	0.001
South Asian	2545	25.2		94	45.2		141	1.1		*	2.5
Black	1190	25.4		59	45.8		75	0.8		10	10.3
Other	605	29.3		47	46.8		21	0.8		*	4.4
Mixed	156	19.8		22	42.2		16	1.8		*	4.3
Unknown	14 417	20.8		2333	55.1		575	1.0		317	7.5
IMD quintile
1 (most affluent)	7354	20.3	<0.001	1501	55.1	0.010	276	1.0	0.435	226	8.4	0.114
2	9780	23.4		1558	54.8		430	0.8		244	8.6
3	9910	23.1		1541	55.9		340	0.8		218	7.7
4	12 144	25.9		1688	55.9		452	0.9		248	8.2
5 (least affluent)	9456	20.6		1233	51.8		398	0.9		174	7.6
Region
North east	580	26.9	<0.001	73	57.9	<0.001	16	0.7	<0.001	12	9.2	<0.001
North west	4846	19.8		677	49.1		175	0.9		102	7.5
Yorkshire and Humber	398	20.4		76	50.2		11	0.8		14	8.4
East midlands	218	44.4		17	68.1		*	0.6		6	24.4
West midlands	4310	22.1		555	55.0		177	0.8		94	9.4
East of England	2563	19.8		494	53.6		119	0.8		66	7.1
South west	4397	26.3		584	56.2		175	1.1		104	9.9
South central	5685	23.9		945	54.2		219	0.8		149	8.3
London	6427	23.8		709	50.3		290	0.9		96	7.0
South east	4635	17.4		773	49.4		157	0.6		103	6.5
Northern Ireland	813	10.6		240	39.7		77	0.7		37	627
Scotland	7930	31.9		1478	66.7		261	1.1		175	8.3
Wales	6634	23.2		962	58.9		254	1.1		159	9.7

*All figures standardised against the UK mid-2014 population, p values from χ² test for unordered categorical variables, from test for trend for ordered categorical variables (age group and IMD quintile). Table values under 5 are suppressed.
CPRD, Clinical Practice Research Datalink; IMD, Index of Multiple Deprivation; T1DM, type 1 diabetes mellitus; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.