Table 3

Patient-reported health utility, health-related quality of life and psychological well-being outcomes—early stage prostate cancer—RoI versus NI

	Weighted mean		Univariate model			Multivariate model 1*			Multivariate model 2†
			NI vs RoI			NI vs RoI			NI vs RoI)
Outcome and instrument/subscale	RoI	NI	Coefficient	95% CI	p Value	Coefficient	95% CI	p Value	Coefficient	95% CI	p Value
Health utility
EQ-5D-5L score	0.9	0.8	−0.072	−0.103 to −0.041	0.001	−0.052	−0.082 to −0.022	0.001‡	−0.040	−0.071 to −0.008	0.013
Health-related quality of life
QLQ-C30: global health status	72.5	74.1	1.549	−1.367 to 4.466	0.298	3.318	0.400 to 6.237	0.026	4.063	1.024 to 7.101	0.009
QLQ-C30: physical functioning	85.9	80.6	−5.297	−8.480 to −2.114	0.001‡	−3.357	−6.361 to −0.352	0.029	−2.029	−5.103 to 1.046	0.196
QLQ-C30: role functioning	85.7	77.3	−8.359	−12.335 to −4.384	0.0001‡	−6.781	−10.742 to −2.821	0.001‡	−5.218	−9.263 to −1.174	0.011
QLQ-C30: emotional functioning	84.8	82.0	−2.770	−5.682 to 0.141	0.062	−0.887	−3.745 to 1.970	0.543	0.097	−2.797 to 2.991	0.948
QLQ-C30: cognitive functioning	83.9	81.3	−2.578	−5.278 to 0.122	0.061	−0.782	−3.515 to 1.952	0.575	−0.503	−3.316 to 2.311	0.726
QLQ-C30: social functioning	86.1	81.1	−5.004	−8.488 to −1.520	0.005	−3.283	−6.803 to 0.237	0.068	−2.437	−6.097 to 1.222	0.192
QLQ-C30: fatigue	19.9	27.2	7.299	4.178 to 10.421	0.0001‡	5.167	2.068 to 8.266	0.001‡	3.893	0.703 to 7.082	0.017
QLQ-C30: nausea and vomiting	3.1	3.8	0.717	−0.545 to 1.979	0.265	−0.115	−1.437 to 1.207	0.865	−0.732	−2.268 to 0.805	0.350
QLQ-C30: pain	11.1	19.4	8.264	4.882 to 11.645	0.0001‡	6.399	3.053 to 9.745	0.0001‡	5.829	2.349 to 9.308	0.001‡
QLQ-C30: dyspnoea	12.2	19.9	7.711	3.962 to 11.461	0.0001‡	6.125	2.382 to 9.869	0.001‡	5.336	1.376 to 9.296	0.008
QLQ-C30: insomnia	21.0	28.3	7.272	3.230 to 11.315	0.0001‡	4.995	1.018 to 8.972	0.014	3.588	−0.565 to 7.741	0.090
QLQ-C30: appetite loss	5.2	7.1	1.848	−0.580 to 4.276	0.136	0.451	−1.999 to 2.900	0.718	0.347	−2.241 to 2.934	0.793
QLQ-C30: constipation	11.5	11.4	−0.155	−3.243 to 2.934	0.922	−1.868	−4.976 to 1.240	0.239	−1.731	−4.907 to 1.445	0.285
QLQ-C30: diarrhoea	8.8	8.2	−0.624	−2.938 to 1.690	0.597	−1.585	−3.973 to 0.803	0.193	−1.954	−4.579 to 0.671	0.144
QLQ-C30: financial difficulties	10.2	9.8	−0.392	−2.958 2.174	0.765	−1.454	−4.091 to 1.182	0.279	−1.713	−4.460 1.034	0.221
Psychological well-being
DASS: distress	4.9	6.4	1.559	0.403 to 2.715	0.008	1.062	−0.095 to 2.219	0.072	0.652	−0.529 to 1.834	0.279
DASS: anxiety	3.2	4.5	1.285	0.375 to 2.195	0.006	0.893	−0.010 to 1.797	0.053	0.828	−0.070 to 1.725	0.071
DASS: depression	4.0	4.9	0.957	−0.089 to 2.002	0.073	0.620	−0.417 to 1.657	0.241	0.402	−0.688 to 1.492	0.469

Results are weighted by country, age at diagnosis and time since diagnosis with RoI as baseline.
Higher symptom scores indicate more/worse symptoms or where appropriate better functioning or quality of life.
*Linear regression model adjusted for current age, number of comorbidities, time since diagnosis and method of diagnosis.
†Linear regression model adjusted for above plus prostatectomy, external beam radiotherapy, brachytherapy and hormone therapy.
‡Significant difference between countries.
DASS, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale; NI, Northern Ireland; RoI, Republic of Ireland.