Table 3

Patient-reported health utility, health-related quality of life and psychological well-being outcomes—early stage prostate cancer—RoI versus NI

Weighted meanUnivariate modelMultivariate model 1*Multivariate model 2†
NI vs RoINI vs RoINI vs RoI)
Outcome and instrument/subscaleRoINICoefficient95% CIp ValueCoefficient95% CIp ValueCoefficient95% CIp Value
Health utility
 EQ-5D-5L score0.90.8−0.072−0.103 to −0.0410.001−0.052−0.082 to −0.0220.001‡−0.040−0.071 to −0.0080.013
Health-related quality of life
 QLQ-C30: global health status72.574.11.549−1.367 to 4.4660.2983.3180.400 to 6.2370.0264.0631.024 to 7.1010.009
 QLQ-C30: physical functioning85.980.6−5.297−8.480 to −2.1140.001‡−3.357−6.361 to −0.3520.029−2.029−5.103 to 1.0460.196
 QLQ-C30: role functioning85.777.3−8.359−12.335 to −4.3840.0001‡−6.781−10.742 to −2.8210.001‡−5.218−9.263 to −1.1740.011
 QLQ-C30: emotional functioning84.882.0−2.770−5.682 to 0.1410.062−0.887−3.745 to 1.9700.5430.097−2.797 to 2.9910.948
 QLQ-C30: cognitive functioning83.981.3−2.578−5.278 to 0.1220.061−0.782−3.515 to 1.9520.575−0.503−3.316 to 2.3110.726
 QLQ-C30: social functioning86.181.1−5.004−8.488 to −1.5200.005−3.283−6.803 to 0.2370.068−2.437−6.097 to 1.2220.192
 QLQ-C30: fatigue19.927.27.2994.178 to 10.4210.0001‡5.1672.068 to 8.2660.001‡3.8930.703 to 7.0820.017
 QLQ-C30: nausea and vomiting3.13.80.717−0.545 to 1.9790.265−0.115−1.437 to 1.2070.865−0.732−2.268 to 0.8050.350
 QLQ-C30: pain11.119.48.2644.882 to 11.6450.0001‡6.3993.053 to 9.7450.0001‡5.8292.349 to 9.3080.001‡
 QLQ-C30: dyspnoea12.219.97.7113.962 to 11.4610.0001‡6.1252.382 to 9.8690.001‡5.3361.376 to 9.2960.008
 QLQ-C30: insomnia21.028.37.2723.230 to 11.3150.0001‡4.9951.018 to 8.9720.0143.588−0.565 to 7.7410.090
 QLQ-C30: appetite loss5.27.11.848−0.580 to 4.2760.1360.451−1.999 to 2.9000.7180.347−2.241 to 2.9340.793
 QLQ-C30: constipation11.511.4−0.155−3.243 to 2.9340.922−1.868−4.976 to 1.2400.239−1.731−4.907 to 1.4450.285
 QLQ-C30: diarrhoea8.88.2−0.624−2.938 to 1.6900.597−1.585−3.973 to 0.8030.193−1.954−4.579 to 0.6710.144
 QLQ-C30: financial difficulties10.29.8−0.392−2.958 2.1740.765−1.454−4.091 to 1.1820.279−1.713−4.460 1.0340.221
Psychological well-being
 DASS: distress4.96.41.5590.403 to 2.7150.0081.062−0.095 to 2.2190.0720.652−0.529 to 1.8340.279
 DASS: anxiety3.24.51.2850.375 to 2.1950.0060.893−0.010 to 1.7970.0530.828−0.070 to 1.7250.071
 DASS: depression4.04.90.957−0.089 to 2.0020.0730.620−0.417 to 1.6570.2410.402−0.688 to 1.4920.469
  • Results are weighted by country, age at diagnosis and time since diagnosis with RoI as baseline.

  • Higher symptom scores indicate more/worse symptoms or where appropriate better functioning or quality of life.

  • *Linear regression model adjusted for current age, number of comorbidities, time since diagnosis and method of diagnosis.

  • †Linear regression model adjusted for above plus prostatectomy, external beam radiotherapy, brachytherapy and hormone therapy.

  • ‡Significant difference between countries.

  • DASS, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale; NI, Northern Ireland; RoI, Republic of Ireland.