Table 2

Systolic blood pressure from adolescence to early adulthood for males and females: association with longitudinal measures of adiposity*

	Waist to height ratio			Overweight status
	Coef	95% CI	p Value	Coef	95% CI	p Value
Males
Waist to height ratio	25.94	13.72 to 38.16	<0.001	–	–	–
Overweight (normal weight—Ref)
Overweight/obese	–	–	–	1.60	−0.25 to 3.46	0.091
Age (11–13 years—Ref) (years)
14–16	6.73	5.39 to 8.08	<0.001	6.62	5.28 to 7.96	<0.001
21–23	8.98	7.52 to 10.44	<0.001	10.57	9.15 to 12.0	<0.001
Ethnicity (White UK—Ref)
Black Caribbean	−1.08	−4.30 to 2.14	0.512	−1.44	−4.73 to 1.85	0.39
Black African	−0.97	−4.03 to 2.09	0.532	−1.25	−4.38 to 1.88	0.434
Indian	−3.16	−6.30 to −0.02	0.048	−3.14	−6.34 to 0.06	0.055
Pakistani/Bangladeshi	−5.58	−8.60 to −2.56	<0.001	−5.32	−8.41 to −2.23	0.001
Others	−4.26	−7.38 to −1.14	<0.001	−4.26	−7.45 to −1.07	0.009
Employment
No	0.43	−1.17 to 2.04	0.6	0.27	−13.1 to 1.85	0.741
Not stated	1.24	−1.04 to 3.54	0.286	0.72	−1.53 to 2.97	0.533
Smoking
Yes	0.89	−0.64 to 2.42	0.253	0.92	−0.60 to 2.44	0.238
Not stated	2.58	0.82 to 4.33	0.004	2.73	0.99 to 4.46	0.002
Females
Waist to height ratio	30.18	20.98 to 39.37	<0.001	–	–	–
Overweight (normal weight—Ref)
Overweight/obese	–	–	–	2.89	1.43 to 4.34	<0.001
Age (11–13 years—Ref) (years)
14–16	−0.94	−2.05 to 16.81	0.096	−0.52	−1.63 to 0.60	0.569
21–23	−1.66	−2.93 to −0.39	0.082	1.17	−0.04 to 2.38	0.058
Ethnicity (White UK—Ref)
Black Caribbean	−0.38	−2.82 to 2.06	0.758	0.06	−2.42 to 2.54	0.961
Black African	0.24	−2.06 to 2.55	0.836	0.45	−1.88 to 2.79	0.703
Indian	−2.63	−5.19 to −0.06	0.045	−2.19	−4.79 to 0.41	0.099
Pakistani/Bangladeshi	−2.31	−4.83 to 0.20	0.071	−1.93	−4.5 to 0.63	0.139
Others	−0.84	−3.29 to 1.61	0.502	−0.72	−3.22 to 1.77	0.569
Employment
No	−0.39	−1.64 to 0.86	0.543	−0.40	−1.65 to 0.65	0.527
Not stated	1.59	−0.64 to 3.82	0.162	1.41	−0.77 to 3.59	0.204
Smoking
Yes	0.54	−0.76 to 1.85	0.418	0.66	−0.64 to 1.97	0.317
Not stated	0.46	−0.91 to 1.84	0.508	0.22	−1.14 to 1.59	0.755

*Mixed-effects linear regression model for systolic blood pressure: regression coefficients adjusted for age, ethnicity, waist to height ratio or overweight (separate models), parental/own employment and currently smoking.