Descriptive characteristics of the included studies
| Study | Sample characteristics (Country, setting, age, sex) | Sample size and % depressed | Whooley characteristics | Diagnostic standard |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adachi et al38 | Country: Japan Setting: community Age (years): M=38.4 (SD=6.6) Female: 9% | N=89 Depressed: 3.3 | Administration: psychiatrists and clinical psychologists Language: Japanese | MINI |
| Arroll et al17 | Country: New Zealand Setting: primary care Age (years): M=46 (range=16–90) Female: 70% | N=421 Depressed: 6 | Administration: general practitioner Language: English | CIDI |
| Arroll et al14 | Country: New Zealand Setting: primary care Age (years): not stated Female: % not stated | N=1025 Depressed: 5 | Administration: not stated Language: English | CIDI |
| Gjerdingen et al37 | Country: USA Setting: primary care Age (years): M=28.9 Female: 100% | N=506 Depressed: 4.6 | Administration: doctoral-level psychology students Language: English | SCID |
| Mann et al36 | Country: UK Setting: secondary care Age (years): M=27.4 (SD=5.8) Female: 100% | N=94 Depressed: 19 | Administration: Researcher Language: English | SCID |
| McManus et al39 | Country: USA Setting: secondary care Age (years): M=67 (SD=11) Female: 18% | N=1024 Depressed: 22 | Administration: not stated Language: English | DIS |
| Mohd-Sidik et al42 | Country: Malaysia Setting: primary care Age (years): not stated Female: 100% | N=146 Depressed: 21.2 | Administration: family medicine specialist Language: Malay | CIDI |
| Robison et al40 | Country: USA Setting: primary care Age (years): M=61 (range 50–68) Female: 71% | N=303 Depressed: 34 | Administration: interviewer Language: Spanish | CIDI |
| Suija et al41 | Country: Finland Setting: community Age (years): 72–73 Female: 58.4% | N=474 Depressed: 5.3 | Administration: psychiatrist Language: not stated | MINI |
| Whooley et al12 | Country: USA Setting: urgent care clinic Age (years): M=53 (SD=14) Female: 3% | N=536 Depressed: 18.1 | Administration: self-report Language: English | DIS |
MINI, Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview; CIDI, Composite International Diagnostic Interview; DIS, Diagnostic Interview Schedule; SCID, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders; PICO, Population, Intervention, Comparator and Outcome; DOR, Diagnostic Odds Ratio; LR, Likelihood Ratio.