Table 5

Unadjusted and adjusted associations between screen viewing (SV) time per day ≥2 h and sociodemographic, home environment, parental knowledge and practices

			Unadjusted model				Multivariable model*
	N	Per cent SV	OR	Lower 95% CI	Upper 95% CI	p Value	OR	Lower 95% CI	Upper 95% CI	p Value
Sociodemographic characteristics
Age, <6 months	324	7.7	1.0				1.0
Age, >6 months	401	23.2	3.61	2.26	5.77	<0.001	4.88	2.87	8.31	<0.001
Chinese	425	9.7	1.0			<0.001†	1.0			<0.001†
Malay	196	28.1	3.65	2.33	5.72	<0.001	3.93	2.26	6.85	<0.001
Indian	82	19.5	2.27	1.20	4.28	0.011	4.14	1.88	9.12	<0.001
Others	22	27.3	3.51	1.30	9.47	0.013	5.39	1.70	17.08	0.004
Male	401	17.5	1.0				1.0
Female	324	14.8	0.82	0.55	1.23	0.339	0.80	0.50	1.28	0.353
Mother education (primary/secondary)	174	21.8	1.0				1.0
Mother education (postsecondary)	551	14.5	0.61	0.40	0.94	0.024	0.68	0.37	1.27	0.227
Father education (primary/secondary)	148	21.0	1.0				1.0
Father education (postsecondary)	575	15.1	0.67	0.43	1.06	0.089	0.90	0.49	1.66	0.737
Income, <3000	134	19.4	1.0			0.224†	1.0			0.894†
Income, 3000–6000	297	17.5	0.88	0.52	1.49	0.636	0.95	0.49	1.84	0.877
Income, 6001–9000	170	15.3	0.75	0.41	1.36	0.346	1.19	0.52	2.69	0.684
Income, >9000	109	10.1	0.47	0.22	0.99	0.048	0.91	0.34	2.45	0.859
Parents married	711	16.2	1.0				1.0
Parents not married	14	21.4	1.41	0.39	5.15	0.600	1.57	0.38	6.47	0.533
Screen home environment
Up to 1 TV	309	12.3	1.0			0.031†	1.0			0.263†
2 TVs	236	17.8	1.54	0.96	2.49	0.074	1.60	0.91	2.82	0.105
3+ TVs	180	21.1	1.91	1.17	3.13	0.010	1.40	0.74	2.64	0.298
Up to 2 mobile devices	157	10.2	1.0			0.005†	1.0			0.092†
3 Mobile devices	199	13.1	1.32	0.68	2.57	0.405	1.24	0.58	2.67	0.581
4+ Mobile devices	369	20.6	2.29	1.29	4.06	0.005	1.98	0.98	4.01	0.056
Up to 1 computer	312	18.0	1.0			0.090†	1.0			0.403†
2 Computers	242	12.0	0.63	0.39	1.01	0.057	0.93	0.52	1.68	0.815
3+ Computers	171	19.2	1.09	0.67	1.75	0.737	1.41	0.74	2.68	0.292
0 Video consoles	504	14.3	1.0				1.0
1+ Video consoles	221	20.8	1.58	1.05	2.38	0.029	1.06	0.64	1.76	0.827
Parental knowledge of professional recommendations
Recommend minimal viewing	91	13.2	1.0			0.002†	1.0			0.021†
Recommend viewing <2 h/day	439	13.2	1.00	0.51	1.95	0.995	0.70	0.33	1.48	0.347
Recommend viewing >2 h/day	186	24.7	2.16	1.08	4.32	0.029	1.46	0.66	3.22	0.349
Parental SV practices
Parent SV time (lowest tertile)	238	13.0	1.0			0.004†	1.0			0.005†
Parent SV time (medium tertile)	240	12.9	0.99	0.58	1.69	0.972	0.79	0.43	1.46	0.455
Parent SV time (highest tertile)	235	23.0	1.99	1.23	3.23	0.005	1.90	1.07	3.36	0.028
Parental rule setting practices
No rules on time and programme	178	21.9	1.0				1.0
Rules on time and programme	539	14.3	0.59	0.39	0.91	0.017	0.55	0.33	0.90	0.019

*Adjusted for all other co-variables.
†Overall p value.