PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Chudleigh, Jane
AU  - Holder, Pru
AU  - Moody, Louise
AU  - Simpson, Alan
AU  - Southern, Kevin
AU  - Morris, Stephen
AU  - Fusco, Francesco
AU  - Ulph, Fiona
AU  - Bryon, Mandy
AU  - Bonham, James R
AU  - Olander, Ellinor
TI  - Process evaluation of co-designed interventions to improve communication of positive newborn bloodspot screening results
AID  - 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050773
DP  - 2021 Aug 01
TA  - BMJ Open
PG  - e050773
VI  - 11
IP  - 8
4099  - http://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/11/8/e050773.short
4100  - http://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/11/8/e050773.full
SO  - BMJ Open2021 Aug 01; 11
AB  - Objective To implement and evaluate co-designed interventions to improve communication of positive newborn bloodspot screening results and make recommendations for future research and practice.Design A process evaluation underpinned by Normalisation Process Theory.Setting Three National Health Service provider organisations in England.Participants Twenty-four healthcare professionals (7 newborn screening laboratory staff and 24 clinicians) and 18 parents were interviewed.Interventions Three co-designed interventions were implemented in practice: standardised laboratory proformas, communication checklists and an email/letter template.Primary outcome measures Acceptability and feasibility of the co-designed interventions.Results Auditing the implementation of these interventions revealed between 58%–76% of the items on the laboratory proforma and 43%–80% of items on the communication checklists were completed. Interviews with healthcare professionals who had used the interventions in practice provided positive feedback in relation to the purpose of the interventions and the ease of completion both of which were viewed as enhancing communication of positive newborn bloodspot screening results. Interviews with parents highlighted the perceived benefit of the co-designed interventions in terms of consistency, pacing and tailoring of information as well as providing reliable information to families following communication of the positive newborn bloodspot screening result. The process evaluation illuminated organisational and contextual barriers during implementation of the co-designed interventions in practice.Conclusion Variations in communication practices for positive newborn bloodspot screening results continue to exist. The co-designed interventions could help to standardise communication of positive newborn screening results from laboratories to clinicians and from clinicians to parents which in turn could improve parents’ experience of receiving a positive newborn bloodspot screening result. Implementation highlighted some organisational and contextual barriers to effective adoption of the co-designed interventions in practice.Trial registration number ISRCTN15330120.Data are available upon reasonable request. Data are available upon reasonable request from the corresponding author subject to restrictions to preserve anonymity and personal privacy [JC]. These data are not publicly available as they contain information that could compromise research participant privacy/consent. Data will be available beginning 1 year and ending 5 years after publication to researchers who propose a methodologically sound proposal. Proposals should be directed to j.chudleigh@city.ac.uk. To gain access, data requesters will need to sign a data access agreement.