PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Shrestha, Gambhir
AU  - Phuyal, Prabin
AU  - Gautam, Rabin
AU  - Mulmi, Rashmi
AU  - Pradhan, Pranil Man Singh
TI  - Burden of tobacco in Nepal: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990–2017
AID  - 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047847
DP  - 2021 Aug 01
TA  - BMJ Open
PG  - e047847
VI  - 11
IP  - 8
4099  - http://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/11/8/e047847.short
4100  - http://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/11/8/e047847.full
SO  - BMJ Open2021 Aug 01; 11
AB  - Objective This study systematically reviews the data extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study and sets out to assess the age-specific and sex-specific mortality and disability attributable to different forms of tobacco from 1990 to 2017, for Nepal.Design This cross-sectional study extracted data from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation’s Global Burden of Disease database, then was quantitatively analysed to show the trends and patterns of prevalence of tobacco use, deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) attributable to tobacco use from different diseases from the year 1990 to 2017 in Nepal.Setting Nepal.Results In between 1990 and 2015, the age-standardised prevalence of daily tobacco smoking decreased by 33% in males, 48% in females and 28% in both. By 2017, the age-standardised mortality rate and DALYs attributable to tobacco use, including any form, decreased by 34% and 41%, respectively, with tobacco smoking having the most contribution. However, the absolute number of deaths and DALYs increased by 39% and 3%, respectively. An increasing rate of deaths and DALYs attributable to tobacco was noted with an increase in age. Non-communicable diseases were responsible for most deaths and disabilities attributable to tobacco use.Conclusion The prevalence of smoking along with the age-standardised mortality rate and DALYs shows a decreasing trend. However, attention should be made to implement a strong plan to control all forms of tobacco including secondhand exposure.Data are available in a public, open access repository (http://ghdx.healthdata.org/). All data relevant to the study are included in the article or uploaded as online supplemental information. All data relevant to the study are included in the article and can be assessed through the website http://ghdx.healthdata.org/.